Characterization of Multi-Layer Rolling Contact Fatigue Defects in Railway Rails Using Sweeping Eddy Current Pulse Thermal-Tomography
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Methodology of Sweeping Eddy Current Pulse Thermal-Tomography
3.1. Ecptt System
3.2. Physical Modeling of Sweeping Eddy Current Pulse Thermal-Tomography
3.3. Thermal Signal Feature Extraction
- (1)
- TSR
- (2)
- Skewness
4. Experimental Study
4.1. Experimental Setup
- (1)
- ECPTT Configuration
- (2)
- Excitation Coils
4.2. Specimen
5. Results Analysis
5.1. Thermal Image Comparison
5.2. Quantitative Analysis
- (1)
- Feature Extraction to Thermal Response
- (2)
- Feature Analysis for Distinguishing Multi-layer Defects
- (a)
- The Depth of Defects
- (b)
- The Layer of Defects
- (c)
- Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Excitation Frequency | Central Trench Plane Coil | Linear Coil | Helical Coil | Square Plane Coil | Disc-Shaped Coil |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
9 kHz | |||||
16 kHz | |||||
25 kHz |
Excitation Frequency | 9 kHz | 16 kHz | 25 kHz |
---|---|---|---|
Simulation magnetic flux density of single-layer defect (cutaway view) | |||
Simulation temperature of single-layer defect (cutaway view) | |||
Simulation magnetic flux density of triple-layer defect (cutaway view) | |||
Simulation temperature of triple-layer defect (cutaway view) |
Excitation Frequency | Experimental Results (Surface View) | Simulation Results (Surface View) |
---|---|---|
9 kHz | ||
16 kHz | ||
25 kHz |
Excitation Frequency | Defect 1 | Defect 2 | Defect 3 | Defect 4 | Defect 5 | Defect 6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
9 kHz | ||||||
16 kHz | ||||||
25 kHz |
Defect Number | Excitation Frequency | ||
---|---|---|---|
9 kHz | 16 kHz | 25 kHz | |
1 | 1.17 | 1.18 | 1.27 |
2 | 1.10 | 1.24 | 1.30 |
3 | 1.04 | 1.10 | 1.38 |
4 | 1.19 | 1.20 | 1.26 |
5 | 1.15 | 1.15 | 1.20 |
6 | 1.15 | 1.17 | 1.18 |
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Zhang, H.; Zhang, S.; Chen, X.; Li, Y.; Zou, Y.; Zeng, Y. Characterization of Multi-Layer Rolling Contact Fatigue Defects in Railway Rails Using Sweeping Eddy Current Pulse Thermal-Tomography. Appl. Sci. 2024, 14, 7269. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14167269
Zhang H, Zhang S, Chen X, Li Y, Zou Y, Zeng Y. Characterization of Multi-Layer Rolling Contact Fatigue Defects in Railway Rails Using Sweeping Eddy Current Pulse Thermal-Tomography. Applied Sciences. 2024; 14(16):7269. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14167269
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Hengbo, Shudi Zhang, Xiaotian Chen, Yingying Li, Yiling Zou, and Yizhao Zeng. 2024. "Characterization of Multi-Layer Rolling Contact Fatigue Defects in Railway Rails Using Sweeping Eddy Current Pulse Thermal-Tomography" Applied Sciences 14, no. 16: 7269. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14167269