Sex and Obesity-Specific Associations of Ultrasound-Assessed Radial Velocity of Sound with Body Composition
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Questionnaire
2.3. Body Composition Analysis
2.4. Anthropometric Analyses
2.5. Radius Quantitative Ultrasound
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Fat Mass and Bone Tissue
4.2. Fat-Free Mass and Bone Tissue
4.3. Study Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Men | Women | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-Obese (N = 190) | Obese (N = 80) | p | Non-Obese (N = 296) | Obese (N = 208) | p | |||||
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |||
Age (y) | 22.15 | 2.44 | 22.43 | 2.34 | 0.313 b | 21.02 | 2.11 | 21.60 | 2.27 | 0.003 *b |
Weight (kg) | 74.27 | 10.50 | 87.79 | 16.29 | <0.001 *a | 55.36 | 6.54 | 68.60 | 12.18 | <0.001 *a |
Height (cm) | 180.87 | 7.34 | 180.28 | 7.28 | 0.546 a | 167.02 | 6.14 | 166.24 | 5.99 | 0.158 a |
BMI (kg/m2) | 22.66 | 2.49 | 26.88 | 4.16 | <0.001 *a | 19.80 | 1.90 | 24.73 | 3.87 | <0.001 *b |
WHR | 0.80 | 0.05 | 0.82 | 0.05 | <0.001 *a | 0.73 | 0.05 | 0.74 | 0.06 | <0.001 *b |
PBF (%) | 13.5 | 3.62 | 25.9 | 5.52 | <0.001 *a | 22.2 | 3.75 | 34.5 | 5.20 | <0.001 *a |
FM (kg) | 10.12 | 3.34 | 23.37 | 9.94 | <0.001 *b | 12.39 | 2.95 | 24.11 | 7.85 | <0.001 *b |
FM arm (%) | 66.64 | 32.11 | 255.70 | 229.61 | <0.001 *b | 79.53 | 19.24 | 184.15 | 87.58 | <0.001 *b |
FM arm (kg) | 0.43 | 0.21 | 1.67 | 1.51 | <0.001 *b | 0.80 | 0.20 | 1.83 | 0.89 | <0.001 *b |
FM trunk (%) | 109.98 | 44.50 | 267.85 | 94.23 | <0.001 *b | 101.56 | 29.38 | 211.85 | 67.14 | <0.001 *b |
FM trunk (kg) | 5.03 | 2.10 | 12.23 | 4.54 | <0.001 *a | 5.72 | 1.70 | 11.83 | 3.82 | <0.001 *b |
FMI | 3.09 | 0.99 | 7.15 | 2.89 | <0.001 *b | 4.44 | 1.03 | 8.71 | 2.73 | <0.001 *b |
FFM (kg) | 63.88 | 8.80 | 63.94 | 8.76 | 0.958 a | 42.84 | 4.81 | 44.09 | 6.15 | 0.009 *a |
FFMI | 19.56 | 2.00 | 19.75 | 1.80 | 0.477 a | 15.35 | 1.25 | 16.06 | 1.48 | <0.001 *a |
LBM (kg) | 60.73 | 8.39 | 60.84 | 7.95 | 0.928 a | 40.45 | 4.51 | 41.96 | 5.34 | <0.001 *a |
LBM arm (%) | 105.64 | 10.62 | 98.00 | 9.49 | <0.001 *a | 96.04 | 8.26 | 93.68 | 10.15 | 0.004 *a |
LBM arm (kg) | 3.57 | 0.70 | 3.53 | 0.63 | 0.641 a | 1.93 | 0.35 | 2.14 | 0.42 | <0.001 *a |
LBM trunk (%) | 103.90 | 5.87 | 97.56 | 5.67 | <0.001 *a | 100.63 | 4.79 | 95.64 | 4.97 | <0.001 *a |
LBM trunk (kg) | 28.00 | 3.75 | 28.04 | 3.62 | 0.941 a | 18.35 | 2.07 | 19.63 | 2.60 | <0.001 *a |
SMM (kg) | 36.62 | 5.62 | 36.37 | 5.00 | 0.739 a | 23.39 | 2.87 | 24.29 | 3.33 | <0.001 *a |
Visceral FM (cm2) | 40.12 | 17.21 | 101.58 | 42.93 | <0.001 *b | 51.27 | 13.20 | 110.63 | 42.31 | <0.001 *b |
BCM (kg) | 42.25 | 5.79 | 42.15 | 5.49 | 0.888 a | 27.85 | 3.13 | 28.87 | 3.66 | <0.001 *a |
Phase (°) | 6.41 | 0.61 | 6.04 | 0.55 | <0.001 *a | 5.16 | 0.50 | 5.18 | 0.45 | 0.609 b |
SOS (m/s) | 4034 | 119.82 | 4024.7 | 107.64 | 0.550 a | 4071.3 | 106.53 | 4073.3 | 102.76 | 0.840 a |
Men | Women | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-Obese | Obese | Non-Obese | Obese | |||
% | % | p a | % | % | p a | |
Smoking | 26 | 28 | 0.771 | 16 | 28 | 0.001 * |
Alcohol | 92 | 88 | 0.233 | 91 | 92 | 0.605 |
Coffee | 73 | 62 | 0.064 | 79 | 179 | 0.869 |
Sweetened beverages | 88 | 91 | 0.471 | 85 | 90 | 0.070 |
Vit. D intake | 28 | 21 | 0.255 | 34 | 24 | 0.019 * |
Calcium intake | 16 | 15 | 0.870 | 16 | 8 | 0.005 * |
PA, tier 0 | 29 | 47 | <0.001 * | 54 | 66 | 0.012 * |
PA, tier 1 | 17 | 27 | 20 | 18 | ||
PA, tier 2 | 54 | 26 | 26 | 16 |
Dependent Variables | Predictors | Unstandardized B | Standardized ꞵ | 95% CI for B | SE for B | p | R2 | Adjusted R2 | Durbin–Watson | T |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-obese men | ||||||||||
SOS (m/s) | Age | 11.613 | 0.233 | 4.624–18.602 | 3.542 | 0.001 * | 0.110 | 0.099 | 1.828 | 0.994 |
Visceral FM | 1.546 | 0.218 | 0.550–2.543 | 0.505 | 0.003 * | 0.994 | ||||
The least significant variables: smoking status, alcohol consumption, coffee drinking, sweetened beverages consumption, physical activity, Ca intake, vitamin D intake, BMI, PBF, FM in the trunk (%), and FM in the arm (%) | ||||||||||
Non-obese women | ||||||||||
SOS (m/s) | Age | 16.634 | 0.328 | 11.034–22.234 | 2.845 | <0.001 * | 0.156 | 0.147 | 1.715 | 0.937 |
FM arm, % | 0.637 | 0.115 | 0.037–1.238 | 0.305 | 0.038 * | 0.967 | ||||
Vitamin D | 26.057 | 0.116 | 0.815–51.299 | 12.824 | 0.043 * | 0.910 | ||||
The least significant variables: smoking status, alcohol consumption, coffee drinking, sweetened beverages consumption, physical activity, Ca intake, vitamin D intake, BMI, PBF, FM in the trunk (%), and visceral FM | ||||||||||
Obese women | ||||||||||
SOS (m/s) | Age | 13.463 | 0.296 | 7.469–19.457 | 0.296 | <0.001 * | 0.114 | 0.105 | 1.708 | 1.000 |
Visceral FM | −0.406 | −0.166 | −0.728–0.084 | −0.166 | 0.014 * | 1.000 | ||||
The least significant variables: smoking status, alcohol consumption, coffee drinking, sweetened beverages consumption, physical activity, Ca intake, vitamin D intake, BMI, PBF, FM in the trunk (%), and FM in the arm (%) |
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Sulis, S.; Falbová, D.; Beňuš, R.; Švábová, P.; Hozáková, A.; Vorobeľová, L. Sex and Obesity-Specific Associations of Ultrasound-Assessed Radial Velocity of Sound with Body Composition. Appl. Sci. 2024, 14, 7319. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14167319
Sulis S, Falbová D, Beňuš R, Švábová P, Hozáková A, Vorobeľová L. Sex and Obesity-Specific Associations of Ultrasound-Assessed Radial Velocity of Sound with Body Composition. Applied Sciences. 2024; 14(16):7319. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14167319
Chicago/Turabian StyleSulis, Simona, Darina Falbová, Radoslav Beňuš, Petra Švábová, Alexandra Hozáková, and Lenka Vorobeľová. 2024. "Sex and Obesity-Specific Associations of Ultrasound-Assessed Radial Velocity of Sound with Body Composition" Applied Sciences 14, no. 16: 7319. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14167319