Quantitative Determination of Partial Voxel Compositions with X-ray CT Image-Based Data-Constrained Modelling
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Preparation of Samples
2.2. X-ray CT Imaging
2.3. Sample Composition Content
2.4. Optical Microscope Analysis
3. Data-Constrained Modelling for the Samples
3.1. Data-Constrained Modelling
3.2. Calculation Results of Data-Constrained Modelling
3.3. Comparison of DCM and Threshold Segmentation Methods
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- The X-ray theoretical linear absorption coefficients of different compositions in the DCM can be determined effectively by the equivalent energy method. For the sample containing a single silica composition, combining DCM with laboratory micro-CT allows accurate determination of the volume fractions of silica and pores in the sample.
- (2)
- For silica samples with added iron particles, the volume fractions of pore and iron particles can be obtained by constraining the self-energy parameters of silica in the DCM. The calculation accuracy of the volume fractions is related to the content of iron. The accuracy of DCM calculations decreases slightly when the iron particle contents are 10.24% and 16.90%, due to the influence of the partial volume effect and the point spread function.
- (3)
- A comparison between DCM and automatic image threshold segmentation algorithms reveals significant advantages of DCM when handling images containing numerous particles smaller than CT voxels. Unlike simple binary segmentation (0 or 1), DCM provides volume fractions of each composition in each voxel. This enables the quantitative assessment of the multi-scale structural information of the samples. This method facilitates the establishment of multi-scale structural three-dimensional grids for numerical simulations of the physical and chemical properties of the samples.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Number | Mass (g) | |
---|---|---|
SiO2 | Fe | |
1 | 0.3192 | 0.0000 |
2 | 0.2844 | 0.0175 |
3 | 0.3067 | 0.0443 |
4 | 0.2572 | 0.0970 |
5 | 0.2654 | 0.2246 |
6 | 0.2170 | 0.3149 |
Sample Number | Voxel Quantity of Region c | Volume Fractions of Each Composition (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Pore | SiO2 | Fe | ||
1 | 671,853,771 | 48.70 | 51.30 | 0.00 |
2 | 593,476,116 | 47.32 | 51.74 | 0.94 |
3 | 606,861,481 | 43.10 | 54.57 | 2.33 |
4 | 565,165,194 | 45.38 | 49.15 | 5.47 |
5 | 698,846,217 | 48.75 | 41.01 | 10.24 |
6 | 593,903,650 | 43.65 | 39.45 | 16.90 |
Sample Number | S1/S3 (%) | S2/S3 (%) | S1/S2 (%) |
---|---|---|---|
2 | 1.247 | 1.412 | 88.314 |
3 | 2.328 | 2.674 | 87.061 |
4 | 3.182 | 3.491 | 91.149 |
5 | 6.166 | 7.220 | 85.402 |
6 | 8.013 | 9.620 | 83.295 |
Sample Number | Equivalent Energy (keV) | μ(m) (1/cm) | S(1) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pore | SiO2 | Fe | |||
1 | 33.630 | 0.0000 | 1.5170 | — | 0.0000000 |
2 | 79.510 | 0.0000 | 0.4534 | 4.6860 | 0.0001920 |
3 | 75.600 | 0.0000 | 0.4716 | 5.2520 | 0.0009310 |
4 | 80.145 | 0.0000 | 0.4506 | 4.6040 | 0.0021175 |
5 | 82.030 | 0.0000 | 0.4429 | 4.3750 | 0.0017580 |
6 | 80.060 | 0.0000 | 0.4510 | 4.6150 | 0.0013900 |
Sample Number | Volume Fractions Obtained by DCM (%) | Value Differences (%) | Relative Errors (%) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pore | SiO2 | Fe | Pore | SiO2 | Fe | Pore | SiO2 | Fe | |
1 | 49.30 | 50.70 | — | 0.60 | −0.60 | — | 1.23 | 1.17 | — |
2 | 46.02 | 51.73 | 2.25 | −1.30 | −0.01 | 1.31 | 2.75 | 0.02 | 139.36 |
3 | 43.02 | 54.52 | 2.46 | −0.08 | −0.05 | 0.13 | 0.19 | 0.09 | 5.58 |
4 | 45.52 | 49.13 | 5.35 | 0.14 | −0.02 | −0.12 | 0.31 | 0.04 | 2.19 |
5 | 47.05 | 40.96 | 11.99 | −1.70 | −0.05 | 1.75 | 3.49 | 0.12 | 17.09 |
6 | 41.44 | 39.54 | 19.02 | −2.21 | 0.09 | 2.12 | 5.06 | 0.23 | 12.54 |
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Wang, H.; Mu, X.; Zhou, X.; Yang, Y.-S. Quantitative Determination of Partial Voxel Compositions with X-ray CT Image-Based Data-Constrained Modelling. Appl. Sci. 2024, 14, 7407. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14167407
Wang H, Mu X, Zhou X, Yang Y-S. Quantitative Determination of Partial Voxel Compositions with X-ray CT Image-Based Data-Constrained Modelling. Applied Sciences. 2024; 14(16):7407. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14167407
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Haipeng, Xinsheng Mu, Xinyue Zhou, and Yu-Shuang Yang. 2024. "Quantitative Determination of Partial Voxel Compositions with X-ray CT Image-Based Data-Constrained Modelling" Applied Sciences 14, no. 16: 7407. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14167407