Molybdenum Recovery from the Copper Hydrometallurgical Extraction Route with High Content of Chloride Ions Using the Ion Exchange Technique
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Development—Laboratory Tests
- (a)
- Resin preconditioning: Both resins need a HCl preconditioning to increase their affinity for molybdenum anions:
- (b)
- Molybdenum recovery from the copper PLS: Molybdenum can be recovered and exchanged during the elution stage. According to the Figure 2b, molybdenum, at pH values 1.0–2.5, was present mostly as Mo7O21(OH)33−. Equation (2) illustrates the ion exchange mechanism:
- (c)
- Molybdenum elution: According to the Pourbaix diagram from Figure 2a, molybdenum can be effectively recovered from the resin phase using a NaOH solution, because in these conditions, the prevalent species are the anions. Equation (3) shows the ion exchange:
- (d)
- Resin regeneration: To carry out the process continuously, the resin conditioning must start again, as described in Equation (1).
2.2. Langmuir Adsorption Analysis
2.3. Experimental Development—Continuous Tests
3. Results and Discussions
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Mine Production (Tons) | Reserves | ||
---|---|---|---|
2022 | 2023 | (thousand MTs) | |
USA | 34,600 | 34,000 | 3500 |
Argentina | − | − | 100 |
Armenia | 7800 | 7800 | 150 |
Australia | 277 | 500 | 690 |
Canada | 1390 | 970 | 72 |
Chile | 45,600 | 46,000 | 1400 |
China | 106,000 | 110,000 | 5800 |
Iran | 3700 | 3700 | 43 |
Korea, North | 700 | 700 | NA |
Korea, Republic of | 367 | 400 | 8 |
Mexico | 15,500 | 15,000 | 130 |
Mongolia | 3000 | 3100 | NA |
Peru | 31,600 | 37,000 | 1500 |
Russia | 1700 | 1700 | 1100 |
Turkey | − | − | 52 |
Uzbekistan | 1700 | 1700 | 21 |
World total | 253,000 | 260,000 | 15,000 |
Cu (g/L) | Mo (mg/L) | Fe (g/L) | Zn (g/L) | Cl (g/L) | SO42− (g/L) | pH | Eh |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2.5 | 50 | 5 | 0.5 | 1.0−5.0−10.0 | 91.8 | 1.0–1.5 | 0.3–0.5 |
Ion Exchange Column | |
---|---|
Diameter of the column (D) | 2 cm |
Height of the column (h) | 100 cm |
Time (t) | 2 h |
Volumetric flow rate (f) | 5 BV/h |
Linear flow rate (u) | 2 × 10−3 m/s |
Resin porosity (e) | 85% |
Resin | Cl− (g/L) | RL | KL, L/mg | Mo Yields | Zn Yields | Fe Yields | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DOWEX M43 | 1 | 250 | 2.4E−03 | 8.2 | 83% | 47% | 19% |
DOWEX M43 | 5 | 190 | 4.4E−03 | 4.5 | 63% | 36% | 13% |
DOWEX M43 | 10 | 180 | 6.2E−03 | 3.2 | 60% | 22% | 7% |
Lewatit MP 62−WS | 1 | 270 | 2.0E−03 | 10.0 | 90% | 53% | 15% |
Lewatit MP 62−WS | 5 | 210 | 3.1E−03 | 6.5 | 70% | 42% | 8% |
Lewatit MP 62−WS | 10 | 190 | 4.7E−03 | 4.2 | 63% | 30% | 2% |
Resin | Cl− (g/L) | Mo Yields | Zn Yields | Fe Yields |
---|---|---|---|---|
DOWEX M43 | 1 | 89% | 0.3% | 0% |
DOWEX M43 | 5 | 85% | 0.2% | 0% |
DOWEX M43 | 10 | 78% | 0.15% | 0% |
Lewatit MP 62−WS | 1 | 95% | 0.32% | 0% |
Lewatit MP 62−WS | 5 | 89% | 0.23% | 0% |
Lewatit MP 62−WS | 10 | 83% | 0.2% | 0% |
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Tapia, J.; Quintriqueo, A.; Hernández, J. Molybdenum Recovery from the Copper Hydrometallurgical Extraction Route with High Content of Chloride Ions Using the Ion Exchange Technique. Appl. Sci. 2024, 14, 7477. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14177477
Tapia J, Quintriqueo A, Hernández J. Molybdenum Recovery from the Copper Hydrometallurgical Extraction Route with High Content of Chloride Ions Using the Ion Exchange Technique. Applied Sciences. 2024; 14(17):7477. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14177477
Chicago/Turabian StyleTapia, Jaime, Angélica Quintriqueo, and José Hernández. 2024. "Molybdenum Recovery from the Copper Hydrometallurgical Extraction Route with High Content of Chloride Ions Using the Ion Exchange Technique" Applied Sciences 14, no. 17: 7477. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14177477