Recovery of Saponins, Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity from Curculigo orchioides Gaertn Rhizomes by Different Extraction Methods
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Chemicals
2.3. Experimental Design
2.3.1. Single-Factor Investigation Experiments
2.3.2. Optimization of Extraction Conditions Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
2.3.3. Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE)
2.4. Analytical Methods
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Effects of Solvents on Extraction Yield
3.2. Single-Factor Investigation of Extraction Conditions
3.2.1. Effects of Extraction Time on Extraction Yield
3.2.2. Effects of Extraction Temperature on Extraction Yield
3.2.3. Influence of Solvent-to-Material Ratio on Extraction Yields of TPC, TSC and Antioxidant Activity
3.3. Optimization of Extraction Conditions Using Response Surface Methodology
3.3.1. Fitting Models for Prediction of TPC Extraction Yield (Y1), TSC Extraction Yield (Y2) and DPPH Antioxidant Activity (Y3)
− 0.000518 × X12 − 0.007908 × X22 − 0.009996 × X32
0.000018 × X12 − 0.007629 × X22 − 0.001257 × X32
0.000614 × X12 + 0.094392 × X22 + 0.044185 × X32
3.3.2. Statistical Analysis of Individual and Interacting Impacts of Technological Factors on Output Responses
3.3.3. Verification of Optimal Values through Experimental Validation
3.4. Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of TPC, TSC and DPPH Antioxidant Activity from COG Rhizomes
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No | Coded Levels | Actual Variables | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
X1 | X2 | X3 | Time (min) | Temperature (°C) | Solvent-to-Material Ratio (mL/g) | |
1 | −1 | −1 | 0 | 60 | 40 | 60 |
2 | −1 | 0 | −1 | 60 | 50 | 40 |
3 | −1 | 0 | +1 | 60 | 50 | 80 |
4 | −1 | +1 | 0 | 60 | 60 | 60 |
5 | 0 | −1 | −1 | 120 | 40 | 40 |
6 | 0 | −1 | +1 | 120 | 40 | 80 |
7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 120 | 50 | 60 |
8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 120 | 50 | 60 |
9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 120 | 50 | 60 |
10 | 0 | +1 | −1 | 120 | 60 | 40 |
11 | 0 | +1 | +1 | 120 | 60 | 80 |
12 | +1 | −1 | 0 | 180 | 40 | 60 |
13 | +1 | 0 | −1 | 180 | 50 | 40 |
14 | +1 | 0 | +1 | 180 | 50 | 80 |
15 | +1 | +1 | 0 | 180 | 60 | 60 |
No | X1 | X2 | X3 | Y1 (mg GAE/g DW) | Y2 (mg AE/g DW) | Y3 (µM TE/g DW) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | −1 | −1 | 0 | 15.98 | 8.05 | 90.14 |
2 | −1 | 0 | −1 | 15.26 | 7.04 | 69.58 |
3 | −1 | 0 | +1 | 14.62 | 10.87 | 90.65 |
4 | −1 | +1 | 0 | 19.07 | 9.46 | 68.40 |
5 | 0 | −1 | −1 | 16.98 | 7.20 | 95.48 |
6 | 0 | −1 | +1 | 20.81 | 8.40 | 109.26 |
7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 22.35 | 8.66 | 67.28 |
8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 22.48 | 9.63 | 66.31 |
9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 24.07 | 9.95 | 75.29 |
10 | 0 | +1 | −1 | 17.08 | 6.85 | 76.10 |
11 | 0 | +1 | +1 | 17.84 | 10.14 | 106.12 |
12 | +1 | −1 | 0 | 22.80 | 8.18 | 104.15 |
13 | +1 | 0 | −1 | 16.29 | 7.30 | 73.13 |
14 | +1 | 0 | +1 | 22.24 | 10.70 | 124.69 |
15 | +1 | +1 | 0 | 23.39 | 9.18 | 62.42 |
Regression Coefficient | Y1 | Y2 | Y3 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Estimated Value | Prob > |t| | Estimated Value | Prob > |t| | Estimated Value | Prob > |t| | |
Intercept | ||||||
22.967 | <0.0001 * | 9.413 | <0.0001 * | 69.627 | <0.0001 * | |
Linear | ||||||
2.474 | 0.0027 * | −0.008 | 0.9744 | 5.703 | 0.1576 | |
0.101 | 0.8302 | 0.475 | 0.0858 | −10.749 | 0.0259 * | |
1.238 | 0.0398 * | 1.465 | 0.0012 * | 14.554 | 0.0082 * | |
Interaction | ||||||
−0.625 | 0.3694 | −0.103 | 0.7577 | −4.998 | 0.3505 | |
1.648 | 0.0483 * | −0.108 | 0.7464 | 7.623 | 0.1772 | |
−0.768 | 0.2801 | 0.523 | 0.1575 | 4.060 | 0.4411 | |
Quadratic | ||||||
−1.866 | 0.0368 * | 0.067 | 0.8457 | 2.212 | 0.6799 | |
−0.791 | 0.2844 | −0.763 | 0.0672 | 9.439 | 0.1207 | |
−3.998 | 0.0018 * | −0.503 | 0.1850 | 17.674 | 0.0173 * |
Output Responses | Optimal Conditions | Predicted Values | Actual Values |
---|---|---|---|
TPC (mg GAE/g DW) | 178 min 45 °C 68 mL/g | 24.32 ± 2.15 b | 23.58 ± 2.24 b |
TSC (mg AE/g DW) | 60 min 57 °C 80 mL/g | 10.95 ± 1.72 a | 11.33 ± 1.20 a |
Antioxidant activity (µM TE/g DW) | 180 min 40 °C 80 mL/g | 138.52 ± 29.49 c | 133.45 ± 19.95 c |
Output Responses | Parameters | Maceration | UAE |
---|---|---|---|
TPC (mg GAE/g DW) | Extraction time | 178 min | 10 min |
Recovery yield | 23.73 ± 0.77 a | 23.58 ± 2.24 a | |
TSC (mg AE/g DW) | Extraction time | 60 min | 15 min |
Recovery yield | 11.27 ± 0.82 b | 11.33 ± 1.20 b | |
Antioxidant activity (µM TE/g DW) | Extraction time | 178 min | 10 min |
Recovery yield | 141.85 ± 10.12 c | 133.45 ± 19.95 c |
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Bui, T.D.; Do, L.T.K.; Dang, T.N.D.; Pham, V.D.; Hoang, V.C. Recovery of Saponins, Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity from Curculigo orchioides Gaertn Rhizomes by Different Extraction Methods. Appl. Sci. 2024, 14, 7535. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14177535
Bui TD, Do LTK, Dang TND, Pham VD, Hoang VC. Recovery of Saponins, Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity from Curculigo orchioides Gaertn Rhizomes by Different Extraction Methods. Applied Sciences. 2024; 14(17):7535. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14177535
Chicago/Turabian StyleBui, Thuc Duyen, Linh Thuy Khanh Do, Thi Ngoc Dung Dang, Van Doanh Pham, and Van Chuyen Hoang. 2024. "Recovery of Saponins, Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity from Curculigo orchioides Gaertn Rhizomes by Different Extraction Methods" Applied Sciences 14, no. 17: 7535. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14177535