Evaluation of Thorax Diameter Changes through Trunk Morphology and Different Running Intensities
Abstract
:Featured Application
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data Acquisition Technique
2.2. Mechanical Variables
- -
- Craniocaudal thorax cross-section (CTC): distance between SMP and IMP points ((SMP: superior middle point: middle point between CLAV, T1, LCO1, and RCO1); (IMP: inferior middle point: middle point between STRN, TOAUCL, TOAUCR, TOLL, TOLR, and T7)).
- -
- Anteroposterior thorax cross-section (ATC): distance between AMP and PMP points ((AMP: anterior middle point: middle point between CLAV, STRN, TOAC5L, and TOAC5R); (PMP: posterior middle point: T5)).
- -
- Mediolateral thorax cross-section (MTC): distance between TOLR and TOLL.
2.3. Sample
2.4. Experimental Design
2.5. Statistical Variables Definition
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Craniocaudal Thorax Cross-Section
3.2. Anteroposterior Thorax Cross-Section
3.3. Mediolateral Thorax Cross-Section
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Bastir, M.; García-Martínez, D.; Torres-Tamayo, N.; Sanchís-Gimeno, J.; O’Higgins, P.; Utrilla, C.; Torres, I.; García, F. In Vivo 3D Analysis of Thoracic Kinematics: Changes in Size and Shape During Breathing and Their Implications for Respiratory Function in Recent Humans and Fossil Hominins. Anat. Rec. 2017, 300, 255–264. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Zander, T.; Pan, F.; Schmidt, H. Which is the best-suited landmark to assess the thoracic orientation? J. Biomech. 2020, 102, 109545. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kapandji, A. Fisiología Articular, 6th ed.; Editorial Médica Panamericana: Madrid, Spain, 2007; pp. 142–184. [Google Scholar]
- Martins, I.; Torres, E.; de Castro, A.; Massaroni, C.; Baroni, G.; Cerveri, P.; Silvestri, S.; Dickinson, J.; Jacon, K.; Piaia, A. Is age rating enough to investigate changes in breathing motion pattern associated with aging of physically active women? J. Biomech. 2021, 125, 110582. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ando, T.; Kawamura, K.; Fujitani, J.; Koike, T.; Fujimoto, M.; Fujie, M. Thoracic ROM measurement system with visual bio-feedback: System design and biofeedback evaluation. In Proceedings of the 2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Boston, MA, USA, 30 August–3 September 2011; Volume 1, pp. 1272–1274. [Google Scholar]
- Meric, H.; Lofaso, F.; Falaize, L.; Pradon, D. Comparison of two methods to compute respiratory volumes using optoelectronic plethysmography. J. Appl. Biomech. 2016, 32, 221–226. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mendes, L.; Vieira, D.; Gabriel, L.; Ribeiro-Samora, G.; Dornelas De Andrade, A.; Brandão, D.; Goes, M.; Fregonezi, G.; Britto, R.; Parreira, V. Influence of posture; sex; and age on breathing pattern and chest wall motion in healthy subjects. Braz. J. Phys. 2019, 24, 240–248. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pérez de Llano, L. Efectos de la obesidad sobre el aparato respiratorio. Pneuma 2007, 7, 19–26. [Google Scholar]
- Kaneko, H.; Horie, J. Breathing movements of the chest and abdominal wall in healthy subjects. Respir. Care 2012, 57, 1442–1451. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Aoki, H.; Nakamura, H. Non-contact respiration measurement during exercise tolerance test by using kinect sensor. Sports 2018, 6, 23. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Parreira, V.; Vieira, D.; Myrrha, M.; Pessoa, I.; Lage, S.; Britto, R. Optoelectronic plethysmography: A review of the literature. Rev. Bras. Fisioter. 2012, 16, 439–453. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Seo, H.; Shin, D.; Leem, C.; Joo, S. Development of a Portable Respiratory Gas Analyzer for Measuring Indirect Resting Energy Expenditure (REE). J. Healthc. Eng. 2021, 1, 8870749. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Houssein, A.; Ge, D.; Gastinger, S.; Dumond, R.; Prioux, J. A novel algorithm for minute ventilation estimation in remote health monitoring with magnetometer plethysmography. Comput. Biol. Med. 2021, 130, 104189. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Espinosa, J.; Sánchez-Lafuente, C. Prueba de Esfuerzo Cardíaca; Respiratoria y Deportiva, 1st ed.; EdikaMed: Barcelona, Spain, 2002; pp. 10–35. [Google Scholar]
- Massaroni, C.; Carraro, E.; Vianello, A.; Miccinilli, S.; Morrone, M.; Levai, I.; Schena, E.; Saccomandi, P.; Sterzi, S.; Dickinson, J. Optoelectronic Plethysmography in Clinical Practice and Research: A Review. Respiration 2017, 93, 339–354. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Smyth, C.; Winter, S.; Dickinson, J. Optoelectronic plethysmography derived breathing parameters can differ between athletes with and without a dysfunctional breathing pattern during exercise. IEEE Int. Workshop Metrol. Ind. 2020, 1, 54–58. [Google Scholar]
- Massaroni, C.; Senesi, G.; Schena, E.; Saccomandi, P.; Silvestri, S.; Silvatti, A.; Levai, I.; Barros, R. Assessment of breathing volumes and kinematics by motion capture systems: Comparison of protocols. IEEE Instrum. Meas. Technol. Conf. 2017, 1, 1–6. [Google Scholar]
- Massaroni, C.; Cassetta, E.; Silvestri, S. A novel method to compute breathing volumes via motion capture systems: Design and experimental trials. J. Appl. Biomech. 2017, 33, 361–365. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Massaroni, C.; Senesi, G.; Schena, E.; Silvestri, S. Analysis of breathing via optoelectronic systems: Comparison of hods for computing breathing volumes and thoraco-abdominal motion pattern. Comput. Methods Biomech. Biomed. Eng. 2017, 20, 1678–1689. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Yokoyama, S.; Nejishima, M.; Higuchi, T.; Ishino, S. Relationship Between Thoracic Flexibility and Spinal Curvature During Trunk Extension in Healthy Adults. Int. J. Physiother. Res. 2022, 10, 4417–4423. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sarro, K.; Mombrini, C.; Tonole, T. Reliability and minimal detectable change of thoracoabdominal mobility measurements using photogrammetry. Physiother. Theory Pract. 2018, 34, 730–739. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Romei, M.; Mauro, A.; D’Angelo, M.; Turconi, A.; Bresolin, N.; Pedotti, A.; Aliverti, A. Effects of gender and posture on thoraco-abdominal kinematics during quiet breathing in healthy adults. Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol. 2010, 172, 184–191. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Takashima, S.; Nozoe, M.; Mase, K.; Kouyama, Y.; Matushita, K.; Ando, H. Effects of posture on chest-wall configuration and motion during tidal breathing in normal men. J. Phys. Ther. Sci. 2017, 29, 29–34. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ferrigno, G.; Carnevali, P.; Aliverti, A.; Molteni, F.; Beulcke, G.; Pedotti, A. Three-dimensional optical analysis of chest wall motion. J. Appl. Physiol. 1994, 77, 1224–1231. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cala, S.; Kenyon, C.; Ferrigno, G.; Carnevali, P.; Aliverti, A.; Pedotti, A.; Macklem, P.; Rochester, D. Chest wall and lung volume estimation by optical reflectance motion analysis. J. Appl. Physiol. 1985, 81, 2680–2689. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Massaroni, C.; Schena, E.; Bastianini, F.; Scorza, A.; Saccomandi, P.; Lupi, G.; Botta, F.; Sciuto, S.; Silvestri, S. Development of a Bio-Inspired Mechatronic Chest Wall Simulator for Evaluating the Performances of Opto-Electronic Plethysmography. Open Biomed. Eng. J. 2014, 8, 120–130. [Google Scholar]
- Solav, D.; Meric, H.; Rubin, M.; Pradon, D.; Lofaso, F.; Wolf, A. Chest Wall Kinematics Using Triangular Cosserat Point Elements in Healthy and Neuromuscular Subjects. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 2017, 45, 1963–1973. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Massaroni, C.; Cassetta, E.; Levai, I.; Winter, S.; Dickinson, J.; Silvestri, S. Optical measurement of breathing: Algorithm volume calibration and preliminary validation on healthy trained subjects. In Proceedings of the 2016 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), Orlando, FL, USA, 16–20 August 2016; Volume 1, pp. 2153–2156. [Google Scholar]
- Romagnoli, I.; Lanini, B.; Binazzi, B.; Bianchi, R.; Coli, C.; Stendardi, L.; Gigliotti, F.; Scano, G. Optoelectronic plethysmography has improved our knowledge of respiratory physiology and pathophysiology. Sensors 2008, 8, 7951–7972. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Massaroni, C.; Piaia, A.; Levai, I.; Dickinson, J.; Winter, S.; Schena, E.; Silvestri, S. Comparison of marker models for the analysis of the volume variation and thoracoabdominal motion pattern in untrained and trained participants. J. Biomech. 2018, 76, 247–252. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Stubbe, L.; Houel, N.; Cottin, F. Accuracy and reliability of the optoelectronic plethysmography and the heart rate systems for measuring breathing rates compared with the spirometer. Sci. Rep. 2022, 12, 19255. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bastir, M.; González-Ruíz, J.; Rueda, J.; Garrido-López, G.; Gómez-Recio, M.; Beyer, B.; San Juan, A.F.; Navarro, E. Variation in human 3D trunk shape and its functional implications in hominin evolution. Sci. Rep. 2022, 12, 11762. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Gómez-Recio, M.; González-Ruíz, J.; Rueda, J.; San Juan, A.F.; Navarro, E.; Beyer, B.; Bastir, M. Geometric morphometrics of 4D motion data: A proof of concept for applications in palaeoanthropology. Span. J. Palaeontol. 2022, 37, 141–152. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hamill, J.; Knutzen, K.; Derrick, T. Biomechanical Basis of Human Movement, 4th ed.; Wolters Kluwer: Alphen aan den Rijn, The Netherlands, 2003; pp. 6–24. [Google Scholar]
- Davenport, C.B. The thoracic index. Hum. Biol. 1934, 6, 1–23. [Google Scholar]
- Serrano-Villar, Y.; Rodríguez-Grande, E. Thoracic index in adults with asthma: A study of validity and reliability. Chiropr. Man. Ther. 2018, 26, 18. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Cohen, J. A Power Primer. Psychol. Bull. 1992, 112, 155–159. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Vogiatzis, I.; Aliverti, A.; Golemati, S.; Georgiadou, O.; LoMauro, A.; Kosmas, E.; Kastanakis, E.; Roussos, C. Respiratory kinematics by optoelectronic plethysmography during exercise in men and women. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 2005, 93, 581–587. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- De Troyer, A.; Wilson, T. Action of the diaphragm on the rib cage. J. Appl. Physiol. 2016, 121, 391–400. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nicolò, A.; Montini, M.; Girardi, M.; Felici, F.; Bazzucchi, I.; Sacchetti, M. Respiratory frequency as a marker of physical effort during high-intensity interval training in soccer players. Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform. 2020, 15, 73–80. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Marker Name | Marker Location |
---|---|
T1 | T1 spinal apophysis |
T5 | T5 spinal apophysis |
T7 | T7 spinal apophysis |
RCO1 | Anterior part of the right first rib |
LCO1 | Anterior part of the left first rib |
CLAV | Jugular suprasternal notch |
STRN | Xiphoid process |
TOAC5R | Mammillary line of the right fifth rib |
TOAC5L | Mammillary line of the left fifth rib |
TOLR | Lateral part of the right tenth rib |
TOLL | Lateral part of the left tenth rib |
TOAUCR | Anterior inferior part of the right tenth rib |
TOAUCL | Anterior inferior part of the left tenth rib |
Descriptives (N = 22) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (Years) | Weight (kg) | Height (m) | RHR (bpm) | HRmax (bpm) | |
Mean | 20.86 | 69.31 | 1.77 | 63.91 | 197.95 |
Standard deviation | 2.75 | 6.21 | 0.06 | 7.93 | 1.84 |
Minimum | 18 | 57.40 | 1.65 | 53 | 192 |
Maximum | 29 | 81.00 | 1.90 | 86 | 199 |
Estimated Marginal Means—CTC * Morphology Group | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Morphology Group | CTC | Mean | SE | 95% Confidence Interval | |
Lower | Upper | ||||
1 | CTC_45% | 2.45 | 0.536 | 1.0703 | 3.83 |
CTC_70% | 2.22 | 0.9 | −0.0922 | 4.53 | |
CTC_85% | 3.06 | 0.997 | 0.4994 | 5.62 | |
2 | CTC_45% | 2.27 | 0.438 | 1.1452 | 3.4 |
CTC_70% | 2.91 | 0.735 | 1.0172 | 4.79 | |
CTC_85% | 3.24 | 0.814 | 1.1442 | 5.33 | |
3 | CTC_45% | 1.39 | 0.438 | 0.2649 | 2.52 |
CTC_70% | 1.91 | 0.735 | 0.0183 | 3.8 | |
CTC_85% | 2.52 | 0.814 | 0.4298 | 4.61 | |
Total | CTC_45% | 1.98 | 0.287 | 1.31 | 2.66 |
CTC_70% | 2.36 | 0.415 | 1.38 | 3.34 | |
CTC_85% | 2.92 | 0.438 | 1.89 | 3.96 |
Estimated Marginal Means—ATC * Morphology Group | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Morphology Group | ATC | Mean | SE | 95% Confidence Interval | |
Lower | Upper | ||||
1 | ATC_45% | 4.14 ¤ | 0.523 | 3.04 | 5.25 |
ATC_70% | 5.41 | 0.52 | 4.3 | 6.51 | |
ATC_85% | 7.29 | 0.597 | 6.03 | 8.56 | |
2 | ATC_45% | 5.26 ¤ | 0.619 | 3.95 | 6.57 |
ATC_70% | 5.9 | 0.616 | 4.6 | 7.21 | |
ATC_85% | 8.25 | 0.706 | 6.75 | 9.74 | |
3 | ATC_45% | 4.83 ¤ | 0.523 | 3.72 | 5.94 |
ATC_70% | 5.01 # | 0.52 | 3.9 | 6.11 | |
ATC_85% | 7.58 | 0.597 | 6.32 | 8.85 | |
Total | ATC_45% | 4.69 ¤ | 0.318 | 4.02 | 5.36 |
ATC_70% | 5.39 # | 0.309 | 4.74 | 6.04 | |
ATC_85% | 7.65 | 0.353 | 6.91 | 8.39 |
Estimated Marginal Means—MTC * Morphology Group | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Morphology Group | MTC | Mean | SE | 95% Confidence Interval | |
Lower | Upper | ||||
1 | MTC_45% | 3.55 ¤ | 0.383 | 2.75 | 4.35 |
MTC_70% | 5.01 | 0.419 | 4.13 | 5.89 | |
MTC_85% | 5.63 | 0.481 | 4.63 | 6.64 | |
2 | MTC_45% | 3.31 ¤ | 0.383 | 2.51 | 4.11 |
MTC_70% | 4.84 | 0.419 | 3.97 | 5.72 | |
MTC_85% | 5.41 | 0.481 | 4.4 | 6.42 | |
3 | MTC_45% | 3.18 ¤ | 0.358 | 2.43 | 3.93 |
MTC_70% | 4.29 | 0.392 | 3.47 | 5.11 | |
MTC_85% | 5.07 | 0.45 | 4.13 | 6.01 | |
Total | MTC_45% | 3.34 ¤* | 0.208 | 2.91 | 3.77 |
MTC_70% | 4.7 | 0.235 | 4.21 | 5.18 | |
MTC_85% | 5.36 | 0.263 | 4.81 | 5.91 |
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Garrido-López, G.; Rueda, J.; Navarro, E.; San Juan, A.F.; Bastir, M. Evaluation of Thorax Diameter Changes through Trunk Morphology and Different Running Intensities. Appl. Sci. 2024, 14, 7600. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14177600
Garrido-López G, Rueda J, Navarro E, San Juan AF, Bastir M. Evaluation of Thorax Diameter Changes through Trunk Morphology and Different Running Intensities. Applied Sciences. 2024; 14(17):7600. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14177600
Chicago/Turabian StyleGarrido-López, Gonzalo, Javier Rueda, Enrique Navarro, Alejandro F. San Juan, and Markus Bastir. 2024. "Evaluation of Thorax Diameter Changes through Trunk Morphology and Different Running Intensities" Applied Sciences 14, no. 17: 7600. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14177600