Improving Exposure Therapy Through Projection-Based Augmented Reality for the Treatment of Cockroach Phobia: A Feasibility, Multiple-Baseline, Single-Case Study
Abstract
:Featured Application
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Procedure
2.2.1. Eligibility Criteria
2.2.2. Recruitment, Randomization, and Blinding
2.2.3. Participants
2.2.4. Assessment Measures
2.3. Intervention
2.4. Calculations and Analyses
3. Results
3.1. User Experience
3.2. Adherence to the Emotional Monitor App
3.3. Non-Overlap Analyses (NAP)
3.4. Change in the Levels of Functionality on the BAT
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Participant ID | Age | Sex | Educational Level | Job Status | Marital Status |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 46 | Female | Elementary | Employed | Married |
2 | 21 | Female | University | Student | Single |
3 | 28 | Male | University | Student | In a relationship |
4 | 31 | Female | University | Employed | In a relationship |
Item 1 | If you saw a cockroach in front of you at this moment… To what extent would you be scared of it? | 0 = Nothing 10 = Very much |
Item 2 | If you saw a cockroach in front of you at this moment… To what extent would you avoid it? | |
Item 3 | If you saw a cockroach in front of you at this moment… To what extent would you believe that it is dangerous for you? | |
Item 4 | To what extent do you believe that you could cope with a cockroach of different sizes, colors, and shapes? |
Screening | Pre-Treatment | S1 | S2 | S3 | S4 | S5 | S6 and Post-Treatment | 1-Month Follow-Up | 6-Month Follow-Up | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | X | |||||||||
ADIS-IV | X | X | X | X | ||||||
User experience | X | |||||||||
Mobile App | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||
BAT | X | X | X | X |
Non-Overlap Index (%) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Item | ||||
Participant ID | Fear | Avoidance | Dangerousness | Coping Ability |
1 | 99.3 d | 100 d | 100 d | 60.6 b |
2 | 53.5 b | 38.9 b | 88.9 a | 96.5 d |
3 | 92.7 c | 75.6 c | 88.6 c | 89.5 c |
4 | 82.4 c | 63.9 b | 56.9 b | 75.0 c |
VD | POST-Treatment | 1-Month Follow-Up | 6-Month Follow-Up |
---|---|---|---|
BAT (Fear) | |||
Recovered | 0 (0%) | 4 (100%) | 4 (100%) |
Improved | 4 (100%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
No significant change | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
Deteriorated | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
BAT (Avoidance) | |||
Recovered | 3 (75%) | 3 (75%) | 4 (100%) |
Improved | 0 (0%) | 1 (25%) | 0 (0%) |
No significant change | 1 (25%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
Deteriorated | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
BAT (Negative beliefs) | |||
Recovered | 3 (75%) | 4 (100%) | 4 (100%) |
Improved | 1 (25%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
No significant change | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
Deteriorated | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
BAT (Performance) | |||
Recovered | 2 (50%) | 2 (50%) | 4 (100%) |
Improved | 1 (25%) | 1 (25%) | 1 (25%) |
No significant change | 1 (25%) | 1 (25%) | 0 (0%) |
Deteriorated | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (25%) |
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Palau-Batet, M.; Bretón-López, J.; Grimaldos, J.; Suso-Ribera, C.; Castilla, D.; García-Palacios, A.; Quero, S. Improving Exposure Therapy Through Projection-Based Augmented Reality for the Treatment of Cockroach Phobia: A Feasibility, Multiple-Baseline, Single-Case Study. Appl. Sci. 2024, 14, 9581. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14209581
Palau-Batet M, Bretón-López J, Grimaldos J, Suso-Ribera C, Castilla D, García-Palacios A, Quero S. Improving Exposure Therapy Through Projection-Based Augmented Reality for the Treatment of Cockroach Phobia: A Feasibility, Multiple-Baseline, Single-Case Study. Applied Sciences. 2024; 14(20):9581. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14209581
Chicago/Turabian StylePalau-Batet, María, Juana Bretón-López, Jorge Grimaldos, Carlos Suso-Ribera, Diana Castilla, Azucena García-Palacios, and Soledad Quero. 2024. "Improving Exposure Therapy Through Projection-Based Augmented Reality for the Treatment of Cockroach Phobia: A Feasibility, Multiple-Baseline, Single-Case Study" Applied Sciences 14, no. 20: 9581. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14209581