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Volume 15
Issue 3
10.3390/app15031084
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Article

Metabolomic Insights into the Potential of Chestnut Biochar as a Functional Feed Ingredient

by
Serena Reggi
1,*,
Sara Frazzini
1,
Simone Pedrazzi
2,
Martina Ghidoli
3,
Maria Claudia Torresani
4,
Marco Puglia
2,
Nicolò Morselli
2,
Marianna Guagliano
5,
Cinzia Cristiani
5,
Salvatore Roberto Pilu
3,
Elisabetta Onelli
6,
Alessandra Moscatelli
6 and
Luciana Rossi
1
1
Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences—DIVAS, University of Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
2
Department of Engineering-Enzo Ferrari, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Università 4, 41121 Modena, Italy
3
Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production Landscape and Agroenergy, University of Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
4
Biotecnologie BT srl., Parco Tecnologico Padano (PTP), Via Albert Einstain, 26900 Lodi, Italy
5
Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering—Giulio Natta, Politecnico of Milan, Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
6
Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(3), 1084; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15031084
Submission received: 24 October 2024 / Revised: 24 December 2024 / Accepted: 16 January 2025 / Published: 22 January 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extraction of Functional Ingredients and Their Application)
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Abstract

Biochar is potentially a functional ingredient in animal nutrition that offers health benefits such as detoxification, while also promoting environmental sustainability through carbon sequestration, emission reduction, and its circular production. However, the heterogeneity of commercially available biochar products requires a detailed assessment of their functional properties for applications in animal feed. This study evaluates chestnut biochar from morphological, chemical, and metabolomic perspectives and assesses its functional properties. Metabolomic analysis of a water extract using QTOF HPLC-MS/MS confirmed the presence of bioactive compounds, such as hydroxybenzoic and succinic acids, highlighting its potential as a functional feed ingredient. The chestnut biochar inhibited the growth of the pathogenic E. coli strains F18+ and F4+, with maximum inhibition rates of 15.8% and 28.6%, respectively, after three hours of incubation. The downregulation of genes associated with quorum sensing (MotA, FliA, FtsE, and HflX, involved in biofilm formation and cellular division) suggests that biochar interferes with several aspects of the pathogenic process. Importantly, biochar was not found to adversely affect beneficial probiotic bacteria, such as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Limosilactobacillus reuteri. These findings support the potential of chestnut biochar as a versatile ingredient for sustainable animal nutrition, thus promoting animal welfare while offering environmental benefits.
Keywords: biochar; waste and by-product; circular economy; chestnut; functional properties; feed biochar; waste and by-product; circular economy; chestnut; functional properties; feed

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Reggi, S.; Frazzini, S.; Pedrazzi, S.; Ghidoli, M.; Torresani, M.C.; Puglia, M.; Morselli, N.; Guagliano, M.; Cristiani, C.; Pilu, S.R.; et al. Metabolomic Insights into the Potential of Chestnut Biochar as a Functional Feed Ingredient. Appl. Sci. 2025, 15, 1084. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15031084

AMA Style

Reggi S, Frazzini S, Pedrazzi S, Ghidoli M, Torresani MC, Puglia M, Morselli N, Guagliano M, Cristiani C, Pilu SR, et al. Metabolomic Insights into the Potential of Chestnut Biochar as a Functional Feed Ingredient. Applied Sciences. 2025; 15(3):1084. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15031084

Chicago/Turabian Style

Reggi, Serena, Sara Frazzini, Simone Pedrazzi, Martina Ghidoli, Maria Claudia Torresani, Marco Puglia, Nicolò Morselli, Marianna Guagliano, Cinzia Cristiani, Salvatore Roberto Pilu, and et al. 2025. "Metabolomic Insights into the Potential of Chestnut Biochar as a Functional Feed Ingredient" Applied Sciences 15, no. 3: 1084. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15031084

APA Style

Reggi, S., Frazzini, S., Pedrazzi, S., Ghidoli, M., Torresani, M. C., Puglia, M., Morselli, N., Guagliano, M., Cristiani, C., Pilu, S. R., Onelli, E., Moscatelli, A., & Rossi, L. (2025). Metabolomic Insights into the Potential of Chestnut Biochar as a Functional Feed Ingredient. Applied Sciences, 15(3), 1084. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15031084

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