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Volume 10
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10.3390/brainsci10090586
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Article

Acute DOB and PMA Administration Impairs Motor and Sensorimotor Responses in Mice and Causes Hallucinogenic Effects in Adult Zebrafish

by
Micaela Tirri
1,
Luisa Ponzoni
2,
Sabrine Bilel
1,
Raffaella Arfè
1,3,
Daniela Braida
2,
Mariaelvina Sala
4 and
Matteo Marti
1,5,*
1
Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
2
Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
3
Institute of Public Health, Section of Legal Medicine, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
4
CNR, Neuroscience Institute, 20162 Milan, Italy
5
Collaborative Center for the Italian National Early Warning System, Department of Anti-Drug Policies, Presidency of the Council of Ministers, 00184 Rome, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Brain Sci. 2020, 10(9), 586; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10090586
Submission received: 23 July 2020 / Revised: 14 August 2020 / Accepted: 20 August 2020 / Published: 24 August 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pharmacology and Toxicology of New Psychoactive Substances: Focus on Novel Synthetic Opioids)
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Abstract

The drastic increase in hallucinogenic compounds in illicit drug markets of new psychoactive substances (NPS) is a worldwide threat. Among these, 2, 5-dimetoxy-4-bromo-amphetamine (DOB) and paramethoxyamphetamine (PMA; marketed as “ecstasy”) are frequently purchased on the dark web and consumed for recreational purposes during rave/dance parties. In fact, these two substances seem to induce the same effects as MDMA, which could be due to their structural similarities. According to users, DOB and PMA share the same euphoric effects: increasing of the mental state, increasing sociability and empathy. Users also experienced loss of memory, temporal distortion, and paranoia following the repetition of the same thought. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the acute systemic administration of DOB and PMA (0.01–30 mg/kg; i.p.) on motor, sensorimotor (visual, acoustic, and tactile), and startle/PPI responses in CD-1 male mice. Moreover, the pro-psychedelic effect of DOB (0.075–2 mg/kg) and PMA (0.0005–0.5 mg/kg) was investigated by using zebrafish as a model. DOB and PMA administration affected spontaneous locomotion and impaired behaviors and startle/PPI responses in mice. In addition, the two compounds promoted hallucinatory states in zebrafish by reducing the hallucinatory score and swimming activity in hallucinogen-like states.
Keywords: DOB; hallucinogens; mice; PMA; prepulse inhibition; sensorimotor responses; zebrafish DOB; hallucinogens; mice; PMA; prepulse inhibition; sensorimotor responses; zebrafish

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MDPI and ACS Style

Tirri, M.; Ponzoni, L.; Bilel, S.; Arfè, R.; Braida, D.; Sala, M.; Marti, M. Acute DOB and PMA Administration Impairs Motor and Sensorimotor Responses in Mice and Causes Hallucinogenic Effects in Adult Zebrafish. Brain Sci. 2020, 10, 586. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10090586

AMA Style

Tirri M, Ponzoni L, Bilel S, Arfè R, Braida D, Sala M, Marti M. Acute DOB and PMA Administration Impairs Motor and Sensorimotor Responses in Mice and Causes Hallucinogenic Effects in Adult Zebrafish. Brain Sciences. 2020; 10(9):586. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10090586

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tirri, Micaela, Luisa Ponzoni, Sabrine Bilel, Raffaella Arfè, Daniela Braida, Mariaelvina Sala, and Matteo Marti. 2020. "Acute DOB and PMA Administration Impairs Motor and Sensorimotor Responses in Mice and Causes Hallucinogenic Effects in Adult Zebrafish" Brain Sciences 10, no. 9: 586. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10090586

APA Style

Tirri, M., Ponzoni, L., Bilel, S., Arfè, R., Braida, D., Sala, M., & Marti, M. (2020). Acute DOB and PMA Administration Impairs Motor and Sensorimotor Responses in Mice and Causes Hallucinogenic Effects in Adult Zebrafish. Brain Sciences, 10(9), 586. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10090586

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