On Metacognition: Overconfidence in Word Recall Prediction and Its Association with Psychotic Symptoms in Patients with Schizophrenia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants and Setting
2.2. Procedure and Data Collection
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Demographics. N = 51 | Mean | SD | Minimum | Maximum |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 42.7 | 11.6 | 18 | 67 |
Years of education | 11.9 | 2.6 | 6 | 16 |
Age of onset (years) | 25.1 | 7.5 | 15 | 47 |
Disorder duration (years) | 17.6 | 10.8 | 1 | 45 |
Hospitalizations | 1.5 | 1.8 | 0 | 7 |
Psychopathology and Functionality | ||||
PANSS total | 79.6 | 26.7 | 36 | 150 |
PANSS positive | 25.9 | 14.6 | 8 | 53 |
PANSS negative | 17.7 | 10.9 | 7 | 43 |
PANSS Cognitive | 22.6 | 8.2 | 8 | 41 |
PANSS Anxiety/depression | 8.4 | 4.5 | 4 | 25 |
PANSS Excited/activation | 7.2 | 5 | 4 | 25 |
FAST | 41.9 | 18.46 | 6 | 72 |
Mean | SD | Minimum | Maximum | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Overconfidence errors | 6 | 5.7 | 0 | 21 |
Normative scores | 7 | 5 | 1 | 14 |
Percentage of patients in the impairment classifications. | Normal 49% | Mild 2% | Moderate 13.7% | Severe 35.3% |
Underestimation errors | 2.8 | 3.6 | 0 | 13 |
Normative scores | 9 | 4 | 1 | 14 |
Percentage of patients in the impairment classifications. | Normal 72.5% | Mild 5.9% | Moderate 3.9% | Severe 17.6% |
Metamemory total errors | 10.1 | 4.12 | 2 | 21 |
Total recall, memory assessment | 3 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
Normative scores | 4 | 2 | 1 | 10 |
Percentage of patients in the impairment classifications. | Normal 7.8% | Mild 13.7% | Moderate 33.3% | Severe 45.1% |
Intrusions response | 2.3 | 3 | 0 | 11 |
Perseverative response | 2.3 | 3.3 | 0 | 21 |
Coefficients | Unstandardized | Standardized | t | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
Positive errors | 1.82 | 0.77 | 8.46 | <0.001 |
Total errors | −0.49 | −0.17 | −1.08 | 0.28 |
Intrusion response | 0.44 | 0.09 | 0.92 | 0.36 |
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Flores-Medina, Y.; Ávila Bretherton, R.; Ramírez-Bermudez, J.; Saracco-Alvarez, R.; Flores-Ramos, M. On Metacognition: Overconfidence in Word Recall Prediction and Its Association with Psychotic Symptoms in Patients with Schizophrenia. Brain Sci. 2024, 14, 872. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14090872
Flores-Medina Y, Ávila Bretherton R, Ramírez-Bermudez J, Saracco-Alvarez R, Flores-Ramos M. On Metacognition: Overconfidence in Word Recall Prediction and Its Association with Psychotic Symptoms in Patients with Schizophrenia. Brain Sciences. 2024; 14(9):872. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14090872
Chicago/Turabian StyleFlores-Medina, Yvonne, Regina Ávila Bretherton, Jesús Ramírez-Bermudez, Ricardo Saracco-Alvarez, and Monica Flores-Ramos. 2024. "On Metacognition: Overconfidence in Word Recall Prediction and Its Association with Psychotic Symptoms in Patients with Schizophrenia" Brain Sciences 14, no. 9: 872. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14090872