Determinants of the Hesitancy toward COVID-19 Vaccination in Eastern European Countries and the Relationship with Health and Vaccine Literacy: A Literature Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Eligibility Criteria
2.2. Information Sources and Search
2.3. Data Charting Process
2.4. Selection of Sources of Evidence
2.5. Quality Appraisal
3. Confidence in Vaccines’ Safety and Efficacy
3.1. Vaccine Brand Preferences
3.2. Confidence in Trials Evaluating COVID-19 Vaccines and in Resulting Clinical Evidence
3.3. Confidence Dynamics in Time: Comparisons before and after Vaccine Initiation or Social Popularization
3.4. Associations with Spirituality and Religion
3.5. Conspiracy Beliefs
“3 out of 5 citizens in Montenegro believe that there is a secret group of powerful individuals who control global events and that the coronavirus was produced and spread intentionally as a biological weapon so that the world powers could benefit from it in political or economic terms. Furthermore, over one-half of the surveyed citizens believe that the world’s elites created the coronavirus to make the world economies collapse, from which they would benefit financially, and to decrease the number of people on the planet. On the other hand, almost two-thirds of the surveyed citizens do not believe the claim that coronavirus does not exist but rather that it is a result of a conspiracy by the world’s elite to deprive us of our freedom.”
3.6. The Misinformation Phenomenon
3.7. The Influence of the Community in Shaping Personal Opinions
4. Health and Vaccine Literacy
4.1. Vaccine Literacy in the General Population
4.2. Attitudes toward Vaccination in Health Workers or Students
5. Confidence in the Healthcare System, Government, and Public Health Measures
6. Predictors of Willingness/Unwillingness to Vaccinate
7. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Popa, A.D.; Enache, A.I.; Popa, I.V.; Antoniu, S.A.; Dragomir, R.A.; Burlacu, A. Determinants of the Hesitancy toward COVID-19 Vaccination in Eastern European Countries and the Relationship with Health and Vaccine Literacy: A Literature Review. Vaccines 2022, 10, 672. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10050672
Popa AD, Enache AI, Popa IV, Antoniu SA, Dragomir RA, Burlacu A. Determinants of the Hesitancy toward COVID-19 Vaccination in Eastern European Countries and the Relationship with Health and Vaccine Literacy: A Literature Review. Vaccines. 2022; 10(5):672. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10050672
Chicago/Turabian StylePopa, Alina Delia, Armand Iustinian Enache, Iolanda Valentina Popa, Sabina Antonela Antoniu, Raluca Alina Dragomir, and Alexandru Burlacu. 2022. "Determinants of the Hesitancy toward COVID-19 Vaccination in Eastern European Countries and the Relationship with Health and Vaccine Literacy: A Literature Review" Vaccines 10, no. 5: 672. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10050672
APA StylePopa, A. D., Enache, A. I., Popa, I. V., Antoniu, S. A., Dragomir, R. A., & Burlacu, A. (2022). Determinants of the Hesitancy toward COVID-19 Vaccination in Eastern European Countries and the Relationship with Health and Vaccine Literacy: A Literature Review. Vaccines, 10(5), 672. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10050672