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Volume 12
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10.3390/vaccines12040383
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Article

Effectiveness of Nirsevimab Immunoprophylaxis Administered at Birth to Prevent Infant Hospitalisation for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection: A Population-Based Cohort Study

by
Guillermo Ezpeleta
1,
Ana Navascués
2,3,
Natividad Viguria
3,4,
Mercedes Herranz-Aguirre
3,4,
Sergio Enrique Juan Belloc
5,
Juan Gimeno Ballester
6,
Juan Carlos Muruzábal
7,
Manuel García-Cenoz
1,3,8,
Camino Trobajo-Sanmartín
1,3,8,
Aitziber Echeverria
1,3,8,
Iván Martínez-Baz
1,3,8,
Noelia Vera-Punzano
1,3,
Itziar Casado
1,3,8,
Héctor López-Mendoza
1,
Carmen Ezpeleta
2,3 and
Jesús Castilla
1,3,8,*
1
Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, 31003 Pamplona, Spain
2
Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
3
Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
4
Paediatrics Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
5
Paediatrics Department, Hospital Reina Sofía, 31500 Tudela, Spain
6
Paediatrics Department, Hospital García Orcoyen, 31200 Estella, Spain
7
Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
8
CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 31003 Pamplona, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Vaccines 2024, 12(4), 383; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12040383
Submission received: 25 February 2024 / Revised: 2 April 2024 / Accepted: 3 April 2024 / Published: 4 April 2024
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Abstract

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is a frequent cause of hospitalisation in the first few months of life; however, this risk rapidly decreases with age. Nirsevimab immunoprophylaxis was approved in the European Union for the prevention of RSV-associated lower respiratory tract disease in infants during their first RSV season. We evaluated the effectiveness of nirsevimab in preventing hospitalisations for confirmed RSV infection and the impact of a strategy of immunisation at birth. A population-based cohort study was performed in Navarre, Spain, where nirsevimab was offered at birth to all children born from October to December 2023. Cox regression was used to estimate the hazard ratio of hospitalisation for PCR-confirmed RSV infection between infants who received and did not receive nirsevimab. Of 1177 infants studied, 1083 (92.0%) received nirsevimab. The risk of hospitalisation for RSV was 8.5% (8/94) among non-immunised infants versus 0.7% (8/1083) in those that were immunised. The estimated effectiveness of nirsevimab was 88.7% (95% confidence interval, 69.6–95.8). Immunisation at birth of infants born between October and December 2023 prevented one hospitalisation for every 15.3 immunised infants. Immunisation of children born from September to January might prevent 77.5% of preventable hospitalisations for RSV in infants born in 2023–2024. These results support the recommendation of nirsevimab immunisation at birth to children born during the RSV epidemic or in the months immediately before to prevent severe RSV infections and alleviate the overload of paediatric hospital resources.
Keywords: respiratory syncytial virus; infants; nirsevimab; monoclonal antibodies; hospitalisation; vaccination effectiveness; vaccination impact respiratory syncytial virus; infants; nirsevimab; monoclonal antibodies; hospitalisation; vaccination effectiveness; vaccination impact

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MDPI and ACS Style

Ezpeleta, G.; Navascués, A.; Viguria, N.; Herranz-Aguirre, M.; Juan Belloc, S.E.; Gimeno Ballester, J.; Muruzábal, J.C.; García-Cenoz, M.; Trobajo-Sanmartín, C.; Echeverria, A.; et al. Effectiveness of Nirsevimab Immunoprophylaxis Administered at Birth to Prevent Infant Hospitalisation for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Vaccines 2024, 12, 383. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12040383

AMA Style

Ezpeleta G, Navascués A, Viguria N, Herranz-Aguirre M, Juan Belloc SE, Gimeno Ballester J, Muruzábal JC, García-Cenoz M, Trobajo-Sanmartín C, Echeverria A, et al. Effectiveness of Nirsevimab Immunoprophylaxis Administered at Birth to Prevent Infant Hospitalisation for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Vaccines. 2024; 12(4):383. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12040383

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ezpeleta, Guillermo, Ana Navascués, Natividad Viguria, Mercedes Herranz-Aguirre, Sergio Enrique Juan Belloc, Juan Gimeno Ballester, Juan Carlos Muruzábal, Manuel García-Cenoz, Camino Trobajo-Sanmartín, Aitziber Echeverria, and et al. 2024. "Effectiveness of Nirsevimab Immunoprophylaxis Administered at Birth to Prevent Infant Hospitalisation for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection: A Population-Based Cohort Study" Vaccines 12, no. 4: 383. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12040383

APA Style

Ezpeleta, G., Navascués, A., Viguria, N., Herranz-Aguirre, M., Juan Belloc, S. E., Gimeno Ballester, J., Muruzábal, J. C., García-Cenoz, M., Trobajo-Sanmartín, C., Echeverria, A., Martínez-Baz, I., Vera-Punzano, N., Casado, I., López-Mendoza, H., Ezpeleta, C., & Castilla, J. (2024). Effectiveness of Nirsevimab Immunoprophylaxis Administered at Birth to Prevent Infant Hospitalisation for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Vaccines, 12(4), 383. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12040383

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