Next Article in Journal
Comparison of Treatment Outcome between Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) and Transcutaneous Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) in Intractable Tinnitus
Previous Article in Journal
Development of a Clinical and Genetic Prediction Model for Early Intestinal Resection in Patients with Crohn’s Disease: Results from the IMPACT Study
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
Journals
JCM
Volume 10
Issue 4
10.3390/jcm10040638
jcm-logo
Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Propose a Special Issue
► Article Menu

Article Menu

share Share announcement Help format_quote Cite question_answer Discuss in SciProfiles
first_page
settings
Order Article Reprints
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
Article

The Presence of Hypoechoic Micronodules in Patients with Hashimoto′s Thyroiditis Increases the Risk of an Alarming Cytological Outcome

by
Dorota Słowińska-Klencka
1,*,†,
Martyna Wojtaszek-Nowicka
2,†,
Mariusz Klencki
1,
Kamila Wysocka-Konieczna
1 and
Bożena Popowicz
1
1
Department of Morphometry of Endocrine Glands, Chair of Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska Str 251, 92-213 Łódź, Poland
2
Department of Clinical Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska Str 251, 92-213 Łódź, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors equally contributed to this work.
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(4), 638; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10040638
Submission received: 29 December 2020 / Revised: 31 January 2021 / Accepted: 4 February 2021 / Published: 7 February 2021
(This article belongs to the Section Otolaryngology)
Review Reports Versions Notes

Abstract

The aim of the study was to identify a possible relation between various ultrasonographic (US) appearances of Hashimoto′s thyroiditis (HT) and the risk of obtaining an alarming cytology of coexisting nodules. The study included 557 patients with HT, who had been referred for fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNA). We divided US patterns of HT (UP-HT) into eight groups: (a) Hypoechoic (compared to submandibular glands), homogeneous/fine echotexture; (b) hypoechoic, heterogeneous/coarse echotexture; (c) marked hypoechoic (darker than strap muscles), heterogeneous/coarse echotexture; (d) heterogeneous echotexture with hyperechoic, fibrous septa; (e) multiple, discrete marked hypoechoic areas (sized as 1 to 6 mm); (f) normoechoic pseudo-nodular areas; (g) echostructure similar to connective tissue; (h) thyroid parenchyma with no signs of HT. Indications for a surgical treatment resulting from the FNA outcome (categories IV–VI of Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology) were identified only in patients with variants b, c, and e of UP-HT, but merely the “multiple, discrete marked hypoechoic areas” variant significantly increased the odds of obtaining such cytology (OR:5.7). The presence of the “normoechoic pseudo-nodular areas” variant significantly increased the odds for the benign cytology (OR:1.7). There are significant differences in the frequency of obtaining an alarming cytology in relation to the UP-HT variant.
Keywords: thyroid; Hashimoto′s thyroiditis; thyroid cancer; ultrasonography thyroid; Hashimoto′s thyroiditis; thyroid cancer; ultrasonography

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Słowińska-Klencka, D.; Wojtaszek-Nowicka, M.; Klencki, M.; Wysocka-Konieczna, K.; Popowicz, B. The Presence of Hypoechoic Micronodules in Patients with Hashimoto′s Thyroiditis Increases the Risk of an Alarming Cytological Outcome. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 638. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10040638

AMA Style

Słowińska-Klencka D, Wojtaszek-Nowicka M, Klencki M, Wysocka-Konieczna K, Popowicz B. The Presence of Hypoechoic Micronodules in Patients with Hashimoto′s Thyroiditis Increases the Risk of an Alarming Cytological Outcome. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021; 10(4):638. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10040638

Chicago/Turabian Style

Słowińska-Klencka, Dorota, Martyna Wojtaszek-Nowicka, Mariusz Klencki, Kamila Wysocka-Konieczna, and Bożena Popowicz. 2021. "The Presence of Hypoechoic Micronodules in Patients with Hashimoto′s Thyroiditis Increases the Risk of an Alarming Cytological Outcome" Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 4: 638. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10040638

APA Style

Słowińska-Klencka, D., Wojtaszek-Nowicka, M., Klencki, M., Wysocka-Konieczna, K., & Popowicz, B. (2021). The Presence of Hypoechoic Micronodules in Patients with Hashimoto′s Thyroiditis Increases the Risk of an Alarming Cytological Outcome. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(4), 638. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10040638

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop