Interventricular Septum Thickness for the Prediction of Coronary Heart Disease and Myocardial Infarction in Hypertension Population: A Prospective Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Echocardiography Method
2.4. Definition of Clinical Outcomes
2.5. Statistical Analysis
2.6. Ethics Statement
3. Results
3.1. Baseline Information of Study Participants
3.2. Incidences of CHD and MI in Study Population
3.3. IVS Hypertrophy for the Prediction of CHD and MI during Follow Up
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Normal IVSd | IVS Hypertrophy | p Value |
---|---|---|---|
(n = 4419) | (n = 382) | ||
Female, n (%) | 2243 (50.8) | 225 (58.9) | 0.003 |
Male, n (%) | 2176 (49.2) | 157 (41.1) | 0.003 |
Age (years) | 56.91 ± 10.04 | 59.94 ± 10.30 | <0.001 |
Diabetes (%) | 256 (5.8) | 39 (10.2) | 0.001 |
Family_HT (%) | 1146 (25.9) | 122 (31.9) | 0.013 |
Family_CVD (%) | 1296 (29.3) | 122 (31.9) | 0.311 |
Smoking (%) | 1575 (35.6) | 120 (31.4) | 0.109 |
Drinking (%) | 1120 (25.3) | 66 (17.3) | 0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 25.44 ± 3.53 | 27.12 ± 4.01 | <0.001 |
SBP (mmHg) | 157.91 ± 18.47 | 173.18 ± 25.46 | <0.001 |
DBP (mmHg) | 88.33 ± 10.58 | 94.26 ± 14.61 | <0.001 |
AoD (cm) | 2.28 ± 0.32 | 2.35 ± 0.38 | <0.001 |
LA size (cm) | 3.42 ± 0.39 | 3.74 ± 0.48 | <0.001 |
IVSd (cm) | 0.89 ± 0.10 | 1.26 ± 0.57 | <0.001 |
LVEDD (cm) | 4.76 ± 0.42 | 4.94 ± 0.54 | <0.001 |
LVESD (cm) | 3.16 ± 0.44 | 3.29 ± 0.52 | <0.001 |
LVPWd (cm) | 0.88 ± 0.23 | 1.07 ± 0.12 | <0.001 |
LVEF (%) | 62.48 ± 3.60 | 61.53 ± 4.03 | <0.001 |
VEpeak (cm/s) | 71.02 ± 24.55 | 64.75 ± 19.87 | <0.001 |
VApeak (cm/s) | 81.07 ± 21.02 | 87.31 ± 21.20 | <0.001 |
AVV (cm/s) | 120.00 ± 20.35 | 125.16 ± 28.85 | <0.001 |
FPG (mmol/L) | 6.12 ± 1.79 | 6.45 ± 2.40 | <0.001 |
HDL_C (mmol/L) | 1.44 ± 0.41 | 1.33 ± 0.34 | <0.001 |
LDL_C (mmol/L) | 3.11 ± 0.87 | 3.20 ± 0.91 | <0.001 |
Outcomes | Overall (n = 4801) | Normal IVSd (n = 4419) | IVS Hypertrophy (n = 382) | p Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N (%) | Rate per 1000 | N (%) | Rate per 1000 | N (%) | Rate per 1000 | ||
Person-Years (95%CI) | Person-Years (95%CI) | Person-Years (95%CI) | |||||
Overall | |||||||
CHD | 146 (3.0) | 7.046 (5.949–8.286) | 120 (2.7) | 6.262 (5.192–7.487) | 26 (6.8) | 16.686 (10.9–24.448) | <0.001 |
MI | 67 (1.4) | 3.208 (2.486–4.074) | 51 (1.2) | 2.641 (1.967–3.473) | 16 (4.2) | 10.147 (5.8–16.477) | <0.001 |
Male | |||||||
CHD | 55 (1.1) | 5.424 (4.086–7.06) | 46 (1.0) | 4.849 (3.55–6.468) | 9 (2.4) | 13.777 (6.3–26.154) | <0.001 |
MI | 26 (0.5) | 2.551 (1.667–3.738) | 22 (0.5) | 2.308 (1.446–3.494) | 4 (1.0) | 6.068 (1.653–15.537) | 0.1486 |
Female | |||||||
CHD | 91 (1.9) | 8.599 (6.924–10.558) | 74 (1.7) | 7.647 (6.004–9.6) | 17 (4.5) | 18.785 (10.943–30.077) | <0.001 |
MI | 41 (0.9) | 3.834 (2.751–5.201) | 29 (0.7) | 2.966 (1.987–4.26) | 12 (3.1) | 13.076 (6.757–22.841) | <0.001 |
Subgroups | CHD | MI | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cases/Noncases | Incidence HR (95% CI) | p Value | Case/Noncases | Incidence HR (95% CI) | p Value | |
Before Adjustment | ||||||
Overall | ||||||
Normal IVSd | 120/4299 | Reference | / | 51/4368 | Reference | / |
IVS hypertrophy | 26/356 | 2.757 (1.802–4.219) | <0.001 | 16/366 | 4.157 (2.357–7.332) | <0.001 |
Male | ||||||
Normal IVSd | 46/2130 | Reference | / | 22/2154 | Reference | / |
IVS hypertrophy | 9/148 | 2.893 (1.414–5.917) | 0.004 | 4/153 | 2.732 (0.938–7.96) | 0.065 |
Female | ||||||
Normal IVSd | 74/2169 | Reference | / | 29/2214 | Reference | / |
IVS hypertrophy | 17/208 | 2.558 (1.507–4.344) | <0.001 | 12/213 | 4.951(2.497–9.817) | <0.001 |
After Adjustment | ||||||
Overall | ||||||
Normal IVSd | 120/4299 | Reference | / | 51/4368 | Reference | / |
IVS hypertrophy | 26/356 | 1.818 (1.155–2.816) | 0.01 | 16/366 | 2.410 (1.303–4.458) | 0.005 |
Male | ||||||
Normal IVSd | 46/2130 | Reference | / | 22/2154 | Reference | / |
IVS hypertrophy | 9/148 | 1.873 (0.875–4.008) | 0.106 | 4/153 | 1.639 (0.516–5.208) | 0.402 |
Female | ||||||
Normal IVSd | 74/2169 | Reference | / | 29/2214 | Reference | / |
IVS hypertrophy | 17/208 | 1.870 (1.062–3.292) | 0.030 | 12/213 | 3.063 (1.449–6.474) | 0.003 |
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Yang, Y.; Li, Z.; Guo, X.; Zhou, Y.; Chang, Y.; Yang, H.; Yu, S.; Ouyang, N.; Chen, S.; Sun, G.; et al. Interventricular Septum Thickness for the Prediction of Coronary Heart Disease and Myocardial Infarction in Hypertension Population: A Prospective Study. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11, 7152. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11237152
Yang Y, Li Z, Guo X, Zhou Y, Chang Y, Yang H, Yu S, Ouyang N, Chen S, Sun G, et al. Interventricular Septum Thickness for the Prediction of Coronary Heart Disease and Myocardial Infarction in Hypertension Population: A Prospective Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022; 11(23):7152. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11237152
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Yiqing, Zhao Li, Xiaofan Guo, Ying Zhou, Ye Chang, Hongmei Yang, Shasha Yu, Nanxiang Ouyang, Shuang Chen, Guozhe Sun, and et al. 2022. "Interventricular Septum Thickness for the Prediction of Coronary Heart Disease and Myocardial Infarction in Hypertension Population: A Prospective Study" Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 23: 7152. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11237152