Electromyographic Study of Masticatory Muscle Function in Children with Down Syndrome
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
- (1)
- in mandibular rest position;
- (2)
- during maximum voluntary clenching (MVC) (keeping teeth clenched as strongly as possible in the intercuspal position for a duration of 5 s);
- (3)
- during maximum voluntary clenching with two cotton rolls bilaterally positioned on the occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth (clenching as strongly possible for a duration of 5 s).
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | DS Group Mean Age 10.1 ± 1.1 | Non-DS Group Mean Age 9.8 ± 1.0 | |
---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | ||
Gender | Females | 6 (40.0) | 7 (46.7) |
Males | 9 (60.0) | 8 (53.3) | |
Facial profile | Straight | 7 (46.7) | 11 (73.3) |
Concave | 3 (20.0) | 4 (26.7) | |
Convex | 5 (33.3) | 0 | |
Lip seal | Normal | 0 | 15 (100) |
Abnormal | 15 (100) | 0 | |
Mouth breathing | No | 7 (46.7) | 15 (100) |
Yes | 8 (53.3) | 0 | |
Atypical swallowing | No | 5 (33.3) | 15 (100) |
Yes | 10 (66.7) | 0 | |
Vertical overlap | ≥0 < 3 mm | 6 (40.0) | 15 (100) |
≥3 mm | 4 (26.7) | 0 | |
Reverse | 5 (33.3) | 0 | |
Overjet | ≥0 < 3 mm | 5 (33.3) | 15 (100) |
≥3 mm | 5 (33.3) | 0 | |
Negative | 5 (33.4) | 0 | |
Angle Class | I | 15 (100) | 15 (100) |
II | 0 | 0 | |
III | 0 | 0 | |
Posterior crossbite | No | 5 (33.3) | 15 (100) |
Yes | 10 (66.7) | 0 | |
Lateral open bite | No | 11 (73.3) | 15 (100) |
Yes | 4 (26.7) | 0 |
EMG Activity (µV/µV%) | DS Group | Non-DS Group | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | Min | Q1 | Mdn | Q3 | Max | n | Min | Q1 | Mdn | Q3 | Max | p | |
RTA | 15 | 3.6 | 5.1 | 7.6 | 8.0 | 9.2 | 15 | 3.4 | 4.1 | 5.4 | 7.3 | 9.9 | 0.329 |
LTA | 15 | 4.6 | 6.0 | 6.9 | 7.8 | 8.0 | 15 | 2.9 | 4.6 | 5.3 | 9.1 | 13.0 | 0.110 |
TAmean | 15 | 4.1 | 5.6 | 7.0 | 7.9 | 8.1 | 15 | 3.1 | 4.3 | 5.0 | 8.5 | 11.4 | 0.263 |
RMM | 15 | 4.8 | 6.2 | 7.2 | 9.4 | 11.9 | 15 | 4.3 | 5.3 | 7.5 | 9.1 | 11.6 | 0.648 |
LMM | 15 | 4.7 | 5.4 | 7.9 | 8.9 | 10.7 | 15 | 5.1 | 5.8 | 7.3 | 7.8 | 11.9 | 0.245 |
MMmean | 15 | 4.9 | 6.3 | 7.9 | 9.5 | 10.4 | 15 | 4.7 | 6.2 | 7.4 | 8.1 | 11.7 | 0.407 |
EMG Activity (µV/µV%) | DS Group | Non-DS Group | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | Min | Q1 | Mdn | Q3 | Max | n | Min | Q1 | Mdn | Q3 | Max | p | |
RTA | 15 | 38.4 | 65.8 | 75.8 | 89.8 | 117.1 | 15 | 67.7 | 78.3 | 97.8 | 113.7 | 116.8 | 0.023 |
LTA | 15 | 32.1 | 53.2 | 71.2 | 82.1 | 120.5 | 15 | 56.9 | 89.8 | 113.3 | 117.4 | 125.6 | 0.005 |
TAmean | 15 | 43.9 | 57.3 | 72.9 | 80.5 | 118.8 | 15 | 65.1 | 78.7 | 106.0 | 115.3 | 119.6 | 0.009 |
RMM | 15 | 35.5 | 61.1 | 73.4 | 116.2 | 126.5 | 15 | 80.5 | 83.2 | 111.5 | 126.2 | 131.8 | 0.010 |
LMM | 15 | 39.8 | 55.7 | 72.6 | 92.5 | 112.6 | 15 | 71.3 | 90.8 | 110.8 | 119.8 | 123.5 | <0.001 |
MMmean | 15 | 41.0 | 64.5 | 71.1 | 109.5 | 119.1 | 15 | 75.9 | 87.0 | 113.8 | 121.8 | 125.5 | 0.001 |
As (%) | DS Group | Non-DS Group | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | Min | Q1 | Mdn | Q3 | Max | n | Min | Q1 | Mdn | Q3 | Max | p | |
Rest | |||||||||||||
TA | 15 | 0.6 | 3.2 | 7.4 | 12.2 | 21.7 | 15 | 1.1 | 4.9 | 6.2 | 10.2 | 14.1 | 0.836 |
MM | 15 | 1.6 | 6.9 | 12.6 | 14.5 | 20.3 | 15 | 1.3 | 3.7 | 8.5 | 14.5 | 21.2 | 0.481 |
MVC | |||||||||||||
TA | 15 | 1.4 | 4.2 | 11.0 | 18.7 | 27.0 | 15 | 0.3 | 1.9 | 5.0 | 11.1 | 15.8 | 0.089 |
MM | 15 | 3.2 | 6.9 | 12.9 | 3.7 | 24.1 | 15 | 1.3 | 3.1 | 3.8 | 6.0 | 14.8 | <0.001 |
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Szyszka-Sommerfeld, L.; Sycińska-Dziarnowska, M.; Machoy, M.; Wilczyński, S.; Maglitto, M.; Cernera, M.; Spagnuolo, G.; Woźniak, K. Electromyographic Study of Masticatory Muscle Function in Children with Down Syndrome. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11, 506. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11030506
Szyszka-Sommerfeld L, Sycińska-Dziarnowska M, Machoy M, Wilczyński S, Maglitto M, Cernera M, Spagnuolo G, Woźniak K. Electromyographic Study of Masticatory Muscle Function in Children with Down Syndrome. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022; 11(3):506. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11030506
Chicago/Turabian StyleSzyszka-Sommerfeld, Liliana, Magdalena Sycińska-Dziarnowska, Monika Machoy, Sławomir Wilczyński, Marzia Maglitto, Mariangela Cernera, Gianrico Spagnuolo, and Krzysztof Woźniak. 2022. "Electromyographic Study of Masticatory Muscle Function in Children with Down Syndrome" Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 3: 506. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11030506