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New Frontiers in Masticatory Function
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New Frontiers in Masticatory Function

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Dentistry, Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 February 2022) | Viewed by 15356

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Maria Grazia Piancino

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
Interests: mastication/masticatory function; chewing patterns/cycles; electromyography during mastication; hippocampus; malocclusions; cranial growth; 3D cephalometry; temporo-mandibular joint disfunction; juvenile idiopathic arthritis; masseter integrins; posture
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Recent research results have established that masticatory function plays a role not only in the balance of the stomatognathic system and on the central motor control, but especially in the development of the cognitive activity and in the slowdown of the unavoidable cognitive decay. These unsuspected results have been clearly showed by basic research with histomorphological outcomes and confirmed in clinical studies.

Mastication is one of the most important functions for human health. It is a highly coordinated neuromuscular movement with continuous modulation and adaptation to bolus volume and consistency. The masticatory forces are fundamental for the craniofacial growth and the development of the brain activity, i.e., motor control and cognition—both during growing and ageing. The protective role of masticatory function is a long process starting at the beginning of life, with breastfeeding and weaning and continuing during all lifespan. In fact, masticatory function impacts with chewing patterns, electromyography, bolus consistency, bone growth, temporomandibular joint function, masseter integrins, malocclusions, mechanoreceptors, cognitive activity.

To date, astication has been little considered by the medical world and diagnostic data are still rarely considered the clinical practice, but after the recent research results the need for innovation in this field is compelling. The requirements to learn and refine functional diagnostic data will deeply impact on therapeutical plans, finally promoting true multidisciplinarity. This Special Issue is a great opportunity to update the knowledge of this important function for the future health of people. Your studies are welcome.

Prof. Dr. Maria Grazia Piancino
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Mastication
  • Chewing cycles
  • Electromyography
  • hippocampus
  • Cognitive activity
  • Malocclusions
  • Mechanoreceptors
  • Masseter Integrins
  • Mastication and Temporo-mandibular joint disfunction
  • Bolus consistency
  • Cranial growth

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 1350 KiB  
Article
Chewing Patterns and Muscular Activation in Deep Bite Malocclusion
by Maria Grazia Piancino, Alessandro Tortarolo, Laura Di Benedetto, Vito Crincoli and Deborah Falla
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(6), 1702; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11061702 - 19 Mar 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3218
Abstract
Background: Deep bite, a frequent malocclusion with a high relapse rate, is associated with craniofacial features that need to be considered in the course of orthodontic treatment. Methods: This study included 81 patients with deep bite malocclusion (11.4 ± 1.1 [yr.mo]; M = [...] Read more.
Background: Deep bite, a frequent malocclusion with a high relapse rate, is associated with craniofacial features that need to be considered in the course of orthodontic treatment. Methods: This study included 81 patients with deep bite malocclusion (11.4 ± 1.1 [yr.mo]; M = 32 and F = 49), and 14 age- and gender-matched controls (9.11 ± 1 [yr.mo]; M = 5 and F = 9). The patients with deep bite malocclusion were treated with functional therapy. The chewing cycles and masticatory muscle EMG activity were recorded concomitantly before treatment in both groups (n = 95). Following correction of the malocclusion, a second recording took place (n = 25). Results: The kinematic variables showed the same dependency on bolus hardness in those with deep bite and in the controls. The masticatory muscle EMG activity was increased in those with deep bite, but decreased as a result of functional treatment. The chewing patterns showed a tendency towards a reduced lateral component, which significantly increased after treatment, indicating that functional therapy impacts the neuromuscular coordination of mastication, as well as dental positioning. Conclusions: Deep bite is a complex malocclusion, involving alterations in chewing and masticatory muscle activity. Orthognathodontic treatment should not only consider and correct the teeth position, but should also address muscular hyperactivity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Frontiers in Masticatory Function)
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10 pages, 268 KiB  
Article
Electromyographic Study of Masticatory Muscle Function in Children with Down Syndrome
by Liliana Szyszka-Sommerfeld, Magdalena Sycińska-Dziarnowska, Monika Machoy, Sławomir Wilczyński, Marzia Maglitto, Mariangela Cernera, Gianrico Spagnuolo and Krzysztof Woźniak
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(3), 506; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11030506 - 20 Jan 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1670
Abstract
This study assessed the electrical activity of the masticatory muscles in both children with down syndrome (DS) and healthy children. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 30 patients aged between 7.9 and 11.8 years participated in the study. They were divided into [...] Read more.
This study assessed the electrical activity of the masticatory muscles in both children with down syndrome (DS) and healthy children. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 30 patients aged between 7.9 and 11.8 years participated in the study. They were divided into two groups of 15: DS and non-DS. A DAB-Bluetooth device (Zebris Medical GmbH, Germany) was used to record the electromyographical (EMG) activity of the right and left temporal and of the right and left masseter muscles at rest and during maximum voluntary clenching (MVC). The asymmetry index between right and left masticatory muscle EMG activity was calculated for each position. The Mann–Whitney U test was applied to analyze the study results. There were no differences in the electrical activity of the temporal and masseter muscles at rest between the groups. During MVC, the asymmetry index for the masseter muscles was significantly higher in subjects with DS. The electrical potentials of the temporal and masseter muscles in children with DS were significantly lower compared to the corresponding parameters for healthy children when clenching. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Frontiers in Masticatory Function)
16 pages, 1865 KiB  
Article
Questionnaire-Based Assessment of the Masticatory Function and Facial Nerve Recovery Post Pterional Approach in Brain Tumors Surgery
by Mihaela Romanița Gligor, Corina Marilena Cristache, Mirela Veronica Bucur, Mihai Burlibasa and Claudiu Matei
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(1), 65; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11010065 - 23 Dec 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2474
Abstract
Background: The pterional approach for craniotomy, one of the most used surgical intervention in neurosurgery, results in a series of postoperative changes that, if they persist, affect the patient’s life, social reintegration, and his/her physical and mental recovery. The aim of the present [...] Read more.
Background: The pterional approach for craniotomy, one of the most used surgical intervention in neurosurgery, results in a series of postoperative changes that, if they persist, affect the patient’s life, social reintegration, and his/her physical and mental recovery. The aim of the present study was to develop and validate a questionnaire for indicating directly affected masticatory muscles groups and facial nerve branches, in patients undergoing the pterional approach in neurosurgery, so that the recovery therapy can be monitored and personalized. Methods: A self-reporting questionnaire consisting of 18 items (12 for postoperative masticatory status and 6 for facial nerve branches involvement), validated on fifteen patients, following three steps: items development, scale development, and scale evaluation, was prospectively applied twice, at a one-year interval (T0 and T1), with thirty-two patients suffering from vascular or tumoral pathology and surgically treated through a pterional approach. Results: No statistically significant correlation could be found between postoperative outcomes and age or gender. Facial nerve branch involvement could not be correlated with any of the assessed variables. Pathology and time elapsed from surgery were statistically significantly correlated to preauricular pain on the non-operated side (p = 0.008 and p = 0.034, respectively). Time elapsed from surgery was statistically significantly correlated to the ability to chew hard food, pain while yawning, and preauricular pain during back and forward jaw movements and gradual mouth opening. Conclusions: We created and validated a valuable patient-centered questionnaire that can be employed as a tool for postoperative assessment of directly affected masticatory muscles and groups of facial nerve branches. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Frontiers in Masticatory Function)
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13 pages, 566 KiB  
Article
The Influence of Visual Input on Electromyographic Patterns of Masticatory and Cervical Spine Muscles in Subjects with Myopia
by Grzegorz Zieliński, Anna Matysik-Woźniak, Maria Rapa, Michał Baszczowski, Michał Ginszt, Magdalena Zawadka, Jacek Szkutnik, Robert Rejdak and Piotr Gawda
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(22), 5376; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10225376 - 18 Nov 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2041
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the change of visual input on electromyographic patterns of masticatory and cervical spine muscles in subjects with myopia. After applying the inclusion criteria, 50 subjects (18 males and 32 females) with myopia ranging from −0.5 to −5.75 Diopters [...] Read more.
This study aimed to analyze the change of visual input on electromyographic patterns of masticatory and cervical spine muscles in subjects with myopia. After applying the inclusion criteria, 50 subjects (18 males and 32 females) with myopia ranging from −0.5 to −5.75 Diopters (D), were included in the study. Four muscle pairs were analyzed: the anterior part of the temporalis muscle (TA), the superficial part of the masseter muscle (MM), the anterior belly of the digastric muscle (DA), and the middle part of the sternocleidomastoid muscle belly (SCM) during resting and functional activity. Statistical analysis showed a significant decrease within functional indices (FCI) for the sternocleidomastoid muscle (FCI SCM R, FCI SCM L, FCI SCM total) during clenching in the intercuspal position with eyes closed compared to eyes open. During maximum mouth opening, a statistically significant increase of functional opening index for the left temporalis muscle (FOI TA L) was observed. Within the activity index (AcI), there was a statistically significant decrease during clenching on dental cotton rollers with eyes closed compared to eyes open. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Frontiers in Masticatory Function)
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11 pages, 1713 KiB  
Article
Correction of Condylar Displacement of the Mandible Using Early Screw Removal following Patient-Customized Orthognathic Surgery
by Won-Seok Jang, Soo-Hwan Byun, Seoung-Won Cho, In-Young Park, Sang-Min Yi, Jong-Cheol Kim and Byoung-Eun Yang
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(8), 1597; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10081597 - 9 Apr 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2642
Abstract
Objective: Orthognathic surgery (OGS) is a surgical intervention that corrects dentofacial deformities through the movement of maxillary and mandibular segments to achieve adequate masticatory function, joint health, and facial harmony. However, some patients present with occlusal discrepancies, condylar sag, and/or temporomandibular disorders after [...] Read more.
Objective: Orthognathic surgery (OGS) is a surgical intervention that corrects dentofacial deformities through the movement of maxillary and mandibular segments to achieve adequate masticatory function, joint health, and facial harmony. However, some patients present with occlusal discrepancies, condylar sag, and/or temporomandibular disorders after OGS. Various methods have been employed to solve these problems after surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of early screw removal in patients with occlusal discrepancies after OGS using three-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: In 44 patients with dentofacial deformities, patient-customized OGSs with customized plates were performed to correct facial deformities using customized guides with computer-aided surgical simulation. Of the 44 patients, eight patients complained of occlusal discrepancies and temporomandibular disorders after OGS. These eight patients underwent screw removal under local anesthesia around four weeks. The temporomandibular joint spaces at three time points (pre-surgical, post-surgical, and after screw removal) in the sagittal and coronal planes were compared using CBCT. Results: Eight patients showed an increase in joint space on CBCT images immediately after surgery (T1), but after early screw removal (T2), these spaces almost returned to their pre-surgical state, and the temporomandibular joint problem disappeared. Conclusions: The removal of screws located in the distal segment under local anesthesia between three and four weeks post-surgically may be a treatment option for patients with post-OGS occlusal discrepancies, condylar sag, and/or temporomandibular disorder. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Frontiers in Masticatory Function)
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9 pages, 251 KiB  
Article
Novel Functional Indices of Masticatory Muscle Activity
by Michał Ginszt and Grzegorz Zieliński
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(7), 1440; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10071440 - 1 Apr 2021
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 2121
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to analyze novel functional indices of masticatory muscle activity and compare them to existing and commonly used indices in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and healthy adults. Based on the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders, [...] Read more.
The aim of the present study was to analyze novel functional indices of masticatory muscle activity and compare them to existing and commonly used indices in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and healthy adults. Based on the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders, 78 adult women qualified for the study. Subjects were divided into two groups: diagnosed TMDs (n = 36; mean age: 23.4 ± 2.6 years) and healthy adults (n = 42; mean age: 22.4 ± 2.3 years). Measurements of the bioelectric activity of the temporalis anterior (TA), superficial masseter (MM), and anterior bellies of the digastric muscle (DA) were carried out using the BioEMG III ™. Functional Clenching (FCI) and Functional Opening (FOI) indices were obtained as the ratio of the difference between the mean muscle root mean square (RMS) potentials during functional activity, including clenching (CL) and opening (MMO), and mean muscle resting (REST) potentials. Next, based on FCI and FOI indices, the Functional Clenching Activity Index (FCAI), Functional Clenching Symmetry Index (FCSI), and Functional Opening Symmetry Index (FOSI) were obtained. The statistical analysis showed significant differences in activity index left-sided (AcIL) and Activity index both-sided (AcItot) between TMDs and healthy women during rest measurements. The significant differences between both groups were noted in terms of all Functional Clenching Indices except Functional Clenching Index for MM right-sided (FCIMM-R). In all analyzed FCI indices, the control group showed higher values compared to the TMDs. Moreover, a significant difference between TMDs and controls was observed within Functional Clenching Activity Index left-sided (FCAIL) (14.56 vs. −0.45, p = 0.01). Both functional indices, and asymmetry (AsI) and activity (AcI) indices seem to be reliable in assessing symmetry and activity within masticatory muscles. Further studies should be performed to verify the effectiveness and suitability of the assessment of masticatory muscles using functional indices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Frontiers in Masticatory Function)
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