Nutritional Care Practices in Geriatric Rehabilitation Facilities across Europe: A Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Design
2.2. Respondents
2.3. Survey
2.4. Recruitment and Data Collection
2.5. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Dedicated Nutritional Care
3.2. Reasons for the Lack of Time Dedicated to Nutritional Care
3.3. Screening for (Risk of) Malnutrition
3.4. Treating People with (Risk of) Malnutrition
3.5. Screening for and Treating Frailty and Sarcopenia
4. Discussion
4.1. Strengths and Limitations
4.2. Implications for Practice and Research
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Profession | Total (n = 109) | North (n = 17) | Central (n = 43) | South (n = 42) | East (n = 7) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Geriatrician | 50% | 24% | 44% | 64% | 57% |
Dietician | 37% | 65% | 44% | 21% | 14% |
Physiotherapist | 1% | 0% | 0% | 2% | 0% |
Other | 13% | 12% | 12% | 12% | 29% |
Work experience in profession (years) | |||||
0–5 | 19% | 35% | 9% | 20% | 43% |
6–10 | 18% | 18% | 16% | 17% | 29% |
11–15 | 18% | 12% | 16% | 22% | 14% |
16–20 | 12% | 0% | 14% | 15% | 14% |
>20 | 33% | 35% | 44% | 27% | 0% |
Followed education on nutrition | |||||
39% | 41% | 30% | 45% | 43% |
Total (n = 109) | North (n = 17) | Central (n = 43) | South (n = 42) | East (n = 7) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Is there an individual dedicated to nutritional care? | |||||
Yes | 87% | 94% | 98% | 76% | 71% |
Profession of individual dedicated to nutritional care | |||||
Dietician | 67% | 94% | 88% | 41% | 29% |
Nutritionist | 19% | 18% | 5% | 33% | 29% |
Geriatrician | 6% | 0% | 5% | 12% | 0% |
Dietetic assistant | 6% | 0% | 12% | 2% | 0% |
Other | 11% | 12% | 7% | 12% | 29% |
Nutritional team in GR center | |||||
Yes | 57% | 53% | 58% | 25% | 71% |
Members of the nutritional team | |||||
Dietician | 56% | 53% | 58% | 55% | 57% |
Speech therapist | 37% | 41% | 44% | 21% | 71% |
Occupational therapist | 23% | 24% | 26% | 17% | 43% |
Dentist | 6% | 12% | 9% | 0% | 0% |
Other (physician, nurses, pharmacist) | 24% | 23% | 5% | 29% | 17% |
Do you think the individual/team has enough time to dedicate to the patients? | |||||
Yes | 56% | 44% | 67% | 47% | 67% |
Total (n = 109) | North (n = 17) | Central (n = 43) | South (n = 42) | East (n = 7) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Do you screen for (risk of) malnutrition? | |||||
Yes, all patients | 73% | 77% | 77% | 76% | 29% |
Yes, but only selected patients | 24% | 12% | 21% | 24% | 71% |
No | 3% | 12% | 2% | 0% | 0% |
Do you use (inter)national nutritional screening guidelines? | |||||
Yes | 79% | 94% | 74% | 76% | 86% |
How do you screen for (risk of) malnutrition? | |||||
Standard screening tool (e.g., MUST, MNA, SNAQ) | 95% | 100% | 91% | 98% | 100% |
BMI | 60% | 65% | 61% | 57% | 57% |
Weight | 61% | 59% | 63% | 62% | 43% |
Clinical presentation | 60% | 47% | 58% | 67% | 57% |
Other (mostly albumin, biomarkers) | 17% | 6% | 19% | 17% | 28% |
Do you perform a more detailed nutritional assessment? | |||||
Yes | 42% | 59% | 19% | 55% | 71% |
Total (n = 109) | North (n = 17) | Central (n = 43) | South (n = 42) | East (n = 7) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Treatment plan for people at risk of malnutrition based on nutritional care guidelines? | |||||
Yes | 68% | 52% | 72% | 69% | 71% |
No | 19% | 29% | 12% | 21% | 29% |
Not applicable | 13% | 18% | 16% | 10% | 0% |
What does the treatment plan for patients at risk for malnutrition consist of? | |||||
Dietary counseling | 85% | 94% | 93% | 74% | 86% |
Prescription of ONS | 76% | 94% | 65% | 76% | 100% |
Dietary adaptations | 75% | 94% | 70% | 74% | 71% |
Other | 7% | 6% | 7% | 7% | 14% |
No treatment | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% |
What does the treatment plan for patients with malnutrition consist of? | |||||
Dietary counseling | 90% | 94% | 95% | 83% | 86% |
Prescription of ONS | 85% | 100% | 84% | 86% | 57% |
Dietary adaptations | 78% | 88% | 72% | 79% | 86% |
No treatment | 1% | 0% | 2% | 0% | 0% |
SARCOPENIA | Total (n = 106) | North (n = 16) | Central (n = 42) | South (n = 40) | East (n = 7) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
How do you treat sarcopenia? | |||||
Physical exercise (aerobic/resistance/balance) | 85% | 63% | 91% | 85% | 100% |
Food fortification/high-energy and/or high-protein diet/additional food | 81% | 63% | 86% | 80% | 100% |
Texture-modified food | 39% | 19% | 36% | 48% | 57% |
ONSs | 73% | 63% | 71% | 80% | 71% |
Other diet modifications | 35% | 25% | 41% | 33% | 43% |
Sarcopenia is not being treated | 8% | 25% | 2% | 5% | 14% |
If a patient is diagnosed with sarcopenia, do you also screen for and/or treat malnutrition? | |||||
Yes | 92% | 86% | 93% | 95% | 86% |
FRAILTY | Total (n = 103) | North (n = 16) | Middle (n = 39) | South (n = 41) | East (n = 7) |
How do you treat frailty? | |||||
Physical exercise (aerobic/resistance/balance) | 87% | 69% | 87% | 93% | 100% |
Food fortification/high-energy and/or high-protein diet/additional food | 79% | 69% | 74% | 85% | 86% |
Texture-modified food | 48% | 50% | 33% | 56% | 71% |
ONSs | 66% | 69% | 64% | 68% | 57% |
Other diet modifications | 41% | 38% | 41% | 39% | 57% |
Frailty is not being treated | 11% | 19% | 13% | 7% | 0.0% |
If a patient is diagnosed with frailty, do you also screen for and/or treat malnutrition? | |||||
Yes | 90% | 80% | 93% | 93% | 86% |
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Everink, I.H.J.; Grund, S.; Benzinger, P.; de Vries, A.; Gordon, A.L.; van Wijngaarden, J.P.; Bauer, J.M.; Schols, J.M.G.A. Nutritional Care Practices in Geriatric Rehabilitation Facilities across Europe: A Cross-Sectional Study. J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 2918. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12082918
Everink IHJ, Grund S, Benzinger P, de Vries A, Gordon AL, van Wijngaarden JP, Bauer JM, Schols JMGA. Nutritional Care Practices in Geriatric Rehabilitation Facilities across Europe: A Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2023; 12(8):2918. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12082918
Chicago/Turabian StyleEverink, Irma H. J., Stefan Grund, Petra Benzinger, Anne de Vries, Adam L. Gordon, Janneke P. van Wijngaarden, Jürgen M. Bauer, and Jos M. G. A. Schols. 2023. "Nutritional Care Practices in Geriatric Rehabilitation Facilities across Europe: A Cross-Sectional Study" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 8: 2918. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12082918