CFTR Modulators Therapy Efficacy in Reducing Cystic Fibrosis (CF) Exacerbation and Improving Selected Spirometry Parameters: A Real-Life Study in a Single-Centre Polish Population

Background/Objectives: Cystic fibrosis is a genetically determined disease that significantly influences and shortens life. Treatment with CFTR modulators (CFTR-T) is a new hope for patients. It can change the predictive values of a poor prognosis (e.g., exacerbation rate and FEV1 value). The aim of the study was to analyse exacerbation incidence and spirometry data before and after one year (+/− 2 weeks) of CFTR-T in 85 CF patients at the CF Centre in Poznań. To our knowledge, this is the first analysis of CFTR-T efficiency in the Central–Eastern Europe population. Methods: We retrospectively analysed the spirometry and exacerbation data of 85 CF adult patients (both men and women), who in the middle of 2022 began treatment with CFTR modulators. Results: The one-year ratio of hospitalisation caused by severe exacerbations lowered from 1.25 to 0.21 per patient per year. We also saw a 66% decline in ambulatory exacerbations. The median FEV1% increased by 9.60% in absolute values and by 460 mL. Even in the group with very severe obstruction (FEV1 < 35%), there was an increase in median FEV1% of 5.9 in absolute values. We also proved the increase in FVC% (median 17.10% in absolute value and 600 mL) in the study group. Conclusions: After one year of treatment, an impressive improvement was observed in two important predictive values of poor prognosis: exacerbation rate and FEV1 values. Further observation is needed to determine how long the improvement will be present and its influence on quality of life and life expectancy.