Bridging the Gap between Galectin-3 Expression and Hypertensive Pregnancy Disorders: A Narrative Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Author (Year) | Sample | Total Patients’ Number | Control Group | PE Group | Main Outcomes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jeschke et al. (2007) [7] | Placental tissue | 27 | 8 | 19 | Significant up-regulated staining in PE EVT cells |
Lian et al. (2013) [17] | Placental tissue | 154 | 105 | 49 | No difference in placental expression between PE and control group; significant decreased expression of Gal-3 with increase in gestational age |
Nikolov et al. (2020) [18] | Maternal blood samples | 54 | 22 | 32 | No significant differences in Gal-3 concentrations were observed between PE and control groups (p > 0.05) |
Pankiewicz et al. (2020) [19] | Maternal blood and placental tissue samples | 77 | 38 | 39 | Serum galectin 3 levels were significantly higher in patients with PE compared to control group (p = 0.004); higher expression in placental tissue of PE group (p = 0.002) |
Sattar Taha et al. (2020) [20] | Maternal blood samples | 90 | 30 | 60 | Gal-3 levels of PE group were significantly higher than that of control group (p = 0.017) |
Gencheva et al. (2021) [21] | Maternal blood samples | 123 | 50 | 73 | Gal-3 levels were significantly higher in gestational hypertension and PE group compared to control group (p = 0.022 and 0.004, respectively) |
Farladansky-Gershnabel et al. (2021) [22] | Maternal blood samples, umbilical cord blood samples, and placental tissue samples | 30 | 20 | 10 | In PE group, Gal-3 mRNA expression was significantly increased in maternal plasma, cord blood plasma, and placentas compared to control group (p < 0.05), and Gal-3 protein expression in placental tissue was statistically increased in PE group compared to control group (p < 0.05); maternal blood levels of Gal-3 were found to be statistically higher in PE group compared to control group (17.6 ± 1.4 vs. 13.6 ± 1.1 ng/mL, respectively; p = 0.03) |
Ruikar et al. (2021) [23] | Placental tissue samples | 60 | 30 | 30 | Immunostaining of placental tissue confirmed increased expression of Gal-3 in PE group compared to control group; in Western blot, Gal-3 was increased by 3.14 fold (p = 0.031) compared to normal placenta, and mRNA expression of Gal-3 was increased in PE placenta compared to controls (p = 0.035) |
Atakul et al. (2021) [24] | Maternal blood samples | 80 | 35 | 45 | No statistically significant difference between maternal serum levels between PE and control groups (979.5 ± 1394.3 vs. 1163.3 ± 1605.8 ng/mL, p = 0.122) |
Kandel et al. (2022) [25] | Maternal blood and placental tissue samples | 2 arms: 1 for preterm (64 patients) and 1 for term pregnancies (205 patients) | Preterm arm: 21, term arm: 182 | Preterm arm: 43, term arm: 23 | Gal-3 mRNA expression and protein were significantly decreased in placenta from pregnancies with early-onset PE compared to control group of preterm arm (p = 0.002 and 0.009, respectively); no significant difference in circulating Gal-3 levels in women with early-onset preeclampsia compared to controls (both preterm and term pregnancies) |
Ghorbanpour et al. (2023) [26] | Maternal blood samples and placental tissue samples | 47 | 17 | 30 | Placental Gal-3 protein expression was increased in preeclampsia group (control 167.4 ± 56.7 vs. preeclampsia 498.2 ± 531.5, pg/mL, p = 0.004); moreover, plasma Gal-3 concentration from women with preeclampsia was also increased compared to controls (control 222.2 ± 72.91 vs. preeclampsia 288.8 ± 71.98, pg/mL, p = 0.004) |
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Potiris, A.; Fotiou, A.; Drakaki, E.; Potetsianaki, A.; Zikopoulos, A.; Moustakli, E.; Karampitsakos, T.; Topis, S.; Machairoudias, P.; Ouzouni, S.; et al. Bridging the Gap between Galectin-3 Expression and Hypertensive Pregnancy Disorders: A Narrative Review. J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 4636. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13164636
Potiris A, Fotiou A, Drakaki E, Potetsianaki A, Zikopoulos A, Moustakli E, Karampitsakos T, Topis S, Machairoudias P, Ouzouni S, et al. Bridging the Gap between Galectin-3 Expression and Hypertensive Pregnancy Disorders: A Narrative Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024; 13(16):4636. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13164636
Chicago/Turabian StylePotiris, Anastasios, Alexandros Fotiou, Eirini Drakaki, Angeliki Potetsianaki, Athanasios Zikopoulos, Efthalia Moustakli, Theodoros Karampitsakos, Spyridon Topis, Pavlos Machairoudias, Stamatoula Ouzouni, and et al. 2024. "Bridging the Gap between Galectin-3 Expression and Hypertensive Pregnancy Disorders: A Narrative Review" Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 16: 4636. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13164636