Innovations in Liver Preservation Techniques for Transplants from Donors after Circulatory Death: A Special Focus on Transplant Oncology
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. The Role of New Technologies in DCD Donation
2.1. Normothermic Regional Perfusion
2.2. Ex Situ Machine Perfusion
2.3. Hypothermic MP
2.4. Normothermic MP
2.5. Combining Perfusion Strategies
3. The Role of New Technologies in Transplant Oncology in DCD Donation
Authors | Type of Cancer | Model | Cell Type | Intervention | Duration | Conclusion |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Doi et al. [46] | colorectal cancer | rat model | rat colon adenocarcinoma cells (RCN-H4) | 30 or 60 min of 70% partial hepatic ischemia | 3 weeks | I/R promoted liver metastasis and induced the expression of E-selectin mRNA |
Yoshida et al. [47] | colorectal cancer | rat model | rat colon adenocarcinoma cells (RCN-H4) | group A (control), received laparotomy for 120 min with no liver ischemia; group B (continuous I/R), received 60 min of 70% partial liver ischemia followed by 60 min of reperfusion; and group C (intermittent I/R), which received 15 min of 70% ischemia and 15 min of reperfusion, repeated four times | 3 weeks | continuous I/R (B) greatly promoted liver metastasis in both ischemic and nonischemic liver lobes, whereas intermittent I/R (C) showed significantly fewer metastasis than group B in both lobes. Significantly less E-selectin mRNA was expressed in group C than in group B |
Ling et al. [48] | HCC | human model | / | 37 patients with a ratio of GW > 60% (large graft group) and 78 patients received a graft GW < 60% (small graft group.) | / | patients with small-for-size liver grafts (<60% of standard liver weight, SLW) had significantly higher HCC recurrence (p = 0.04) |
Oldani et al. [49] | HCC | rat model | HCC cells | control standard donors vs. 10 min or 30 min inflow liver clamping before retrieval vs. 2 h liver reperfusion after the clamping | 2 weeks | HCC growth was higher in the 10 min and 30 min clamping and was prevented after 2 h reperfusion |
Hamaguchi et al. [50] | HCC | rat model | N1S1 tumor cell implantation | different duration of hepatic pedicle clamping after major hepatectomy | 3 weeks | longer clamping followed by reperfusion accelerated hepatocellular carcinoma growth |
Orci et al. [51] | HCC | rat model | Hepa 1–6 HCC cells | portal and arterial vascular liver inflow clamping | 3 weeks | increase in hepatocellular damage and expression of inflammatory genes, >in mice with severe steatosis |
Wang et al. [52] | HCC | rat model | CBRH-7919 cells | inflow liver clamping and inhibition of factors increasing IR injury (PARP-1) | / | IR-induced PARP-1 up-regulation increasing HCC recurrence |
Orci et al. [53] | HCC | rat model | RIL-175 cells | occlusion of the hepatic and femoral blood vessels | 3 weeks | portal triad clamping provoked increased bacterial translocation, resulting in aggravated tumor burden |
Oldani et al. [45] | HCC | rat model | JM-1 cells | DCD grafts were perfused for 2 h with hypothermic or normothermic perfusion and transplanted vs. non-perfused liver | 4 weeks | non-ex vivo perfused DCD liver recipients constantly developed larger tumors |
Yang et al. [54] | HCC | rat model | inflow liver clamping | 3 weeks | higher HCC recurrence in NAFLD | |
van der Bilt et al. [55] | CRLM | rat model | C26 colon carcinoma cells | inflow liver clamping | 12 days | the outgrowth of micrometastases in occluded liver lobes was accelerated five- to six-fold compared with nonoccluded lobes |
van der Bilt et al. [56] | CRLM | rat model | C26 colon carcinoma cells | inflow liver clamping for 45 min | 5 days | I/R-stimulated tumor growth by more than 70% |
Ogawa et al. [57] | HCC | rat model | McA-RH7777 cells | liver transplant with I/R and tacrolimus exposure | / | I/R and tacrolimus enhance the invasiveness of HCC |
Man et al. [58] | HCC | rat model | McA-RH7777 cells | partial hepatic I/R injury with or without major hepatectomy | 4 weeks | significant tumor growth and intrahepatic metastasis were found in rats undergoing I/R and major hepatectomy |
Nicoud et al. [59] | CRLM | rat model | MC38 cell | 30 min of 70% liver ischemia | 4 weeks | liver with ischemia at the time of tumor inoculation had significantly larger tumor number and volume |
Man et al. [60] | HCC | rat model | McA-RH7777 cells | liver transplant with whole and small-size grafts | 6 weeks | small-for-size liver grafts promote tumor growth and metastasis after liver transplantation |
Man et al. [61] | HCC | rat model | McA-RH7777 cells | liver transplant with whole and small-size grafts | 6 weeks | small-for-size liver grafts promote tumor growth and metastasis after liver transplantation associated with CXCL10 overexpression |
Authors | Year | Type of Study | Machine Perfusion | Patients | HCC Stage | Median Follow up | Patient Survival | Graft Survival | HCC Recurrence |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Silverstein et al. [62] | 2020 | Retrospective | No | 6996 DBD vs. 567 DCD | Comparable | 2.1 years | 81.1% for DCD vs. 85.5% DBD recipients at 3 years (p = 0.008) | 76.3% for DCD vs. 83.5% DBD recipients at 3 years (p < 0.001 | 7.6% for DCD vs. 6.4% DBD recipients at 3 years (p = 0.67) |
Croome et al. [65] | 2015 | Retrospective | No | 340 DBD vs. 57 DCD | Comparable | 3.9 years | 75% for DCD vs. 80% DBD recipients at 3 years (p = 0.07) | n.a. | 12.3% for DCD and 12.1% for DBD (p = 0.91) |
Goldkamp et al. [69] | 2015 | Retrospective | No | 33 DBD vs. 11 DCD | Comparable | n.a. | Similar DCD vs. DBD | n.a. | 0% for DCD and 9% for DBD (p = 0.4) |
Martinez-Insfran et al. [70] | 2019 | Retrospective | No | 18 DBD vs. 18 DCD | n.a. | 17 months | DCD 75% vs. DBD 88% at 1 year | n.a. | n.a. |
Khorsandi et al. [64] | 2016 | Retrospective | No | 91 DBD vs. 91 DCD | no | 1 year | Equivalent 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS (p = 0.115) | n.a. | Equivalent cancer-specific survival (p = 0.7) |
Wallace et al. [63]. | 2022 | Retrospective | No | 830 DBD vs. 375 DCD | n.a. | n.a. | Equivalent | Equivalent | n.a. |
Rigo et al. [44] | 2023 | Retrospective | D-HOPE | 246 SCS-Vs 80 D-HOPE graft (14 DCD) | Comparable | 2 years | n.a. | n.a. | 9.2% with no difference SCS vs. D-HOPE |
Mueller et al. [67] | 2020 | Retrospective | D-HOPE | 70 non-perfused DBD vs. 70 DCD H-HOPE grafts | Comparable | 5 years | n.a. | n.a. | 5.7% vs. 25.7% (p = 0.002) HOPE DCD vs. non-perfused DBD |
4. Conclusions and Future Prospective
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Finotti, M.; Romano, M.; Grossi, U.; Dalla Bona, E.; Pelizzo, P.; Piccino, M.; Scopelliti, M.; Zanatta, P.; Zanus, G. Innovations in Liver Preservation Techniques for Transplants from Donors after Circulatory Death: A Special Focus on Transplant Oncology. J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 5371. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13185371
Finotti M, Romano M, Grossi U, Dalla Bona E, Pelizzo P, Piccino M, Scopelliti M, Zanatta P, Zanus G. Innovations in Liver Preservation Techniques for Transplants from Donors after Circulatory Death: A Special Focus on Transplant Oncology. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024; 13(18):5371. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13185371
Chicago/Turabian StyleFinotti, Michele, Maurizio Romano, Ugo Grossi, Enrico Dalla Bona, Patrizia Pelizzo, Marco Piccino, Michele Scopelliti, Paolo Zanatta, and Giacomo Zanus. 2024. "Innovations in Liver Preservation Techniques for Transplants from Donors after Circulatory Death: A Special Focus on Transplant Oncology" Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 18: 5371. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13185371