New Insights into Liver Failure

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Gastroenterology & Hepatopancreatobiliary Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 June 2024) | Viewed by 602

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Hepatology and Gastroenterology Unit, ASST GOM Niguarda, Milan, Italy
Interests: hepatology; liver failure; liver transplantation; liver cirrhosis
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The clinical course of cirrhosis has been typically characterized by compensated and decompensated states, which are based on the absence or, respectively, the presence of any gastrointestinal hypertensive bleeding, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy (HE) or jaundice.

Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) adds substantially to multistate modelling by identifying a subgroup of cirrhotic patients who may either have compensated or decompensated cirrhosis that can progress rapidly following acute decompensation (AD) to develop organ failure(s) (OFs) and high short-term mortality.

According to the EASL-CLIF Consortium definition, ACLF is a specific syndrome characterized by AD of cirrhosis, OF(s) and high short-term mortality. AD designates development of ascites, HE, gastrointestinal hemorrhage and/or bacterial infections; ACLF may develop in patients with or without a prior history of AD. OFs (liver, kidney, brain, coagulation, respiration, circulation) are defined by the CLIF-C OF score. High short-term mortality means a 28-day mortality rate ≥15%.

Liver transplantation (LT) represents the only definitive therapeutic option for patients with ACLF. Although ACLF patients have a high mortality rate on the waiting list, there are recent encouraging results showing that salvage LT is feasible and associated with a clear survival benefit in patients with ACLF, which is also the case for ACLF-3 patients.

The limits defining when a patient should be considered too sick for transplantation and the moment at which LT should be considered futile are currently not completely known.

Dr. Giovanni Perricone
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • cirrhosis
  • acute decompensation
  • organ failures
  • acute-on-chronic liver failure
  • liver transplantation

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

13 pages, 260 KiB  
Review
Innovations in Liver Preservation Techniques for Transplants from Donors after Circulatory Death: A Special Focus on Transplant Oncology
by Michele Finotti, Maurizio Romano, Ugo Grossi, Enrico Dalla Bona, Patrizia Pelizzo, Marco Piccino, Michele Scopelliti, Paolo Zanatta and Giacomo Zanus
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(18), 5371; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13185371 - 11 Sep 2024
Viewed by 283
Abstract
Liver transplantation is the preferred treatment for end-stage liver disease. Emerging evidence suggests a potential role for liver transplantation in treating liver tumors such as colorectal liver metastases and cholangiocarcinoma. However, due to a limited donor pool, the use of marginal grafts from [...] Read more.
Liver transplantation is the preferred treatment for end-stage liver disease. Emerging evidence suggests a potential role for liver transplantation in treating liver tumors such as colorectal liver metastases and cholangiocarcinoma. However, due to a limited donor pool, the use of marginal grafts from donation after circulatory death (DCD) donors is increasing to meet demand. Machine perfusion is crucial in this context for improving graft acceptance rates and reducing ischemia–reperfusion injury. Few studies have evaluated the role of machine perfusion in the context of transplant oncology. Perfusion machines can be utilized in situ (normothermic regional perfusion—NRP) or ex situ (hypothermic and normothermic machine perfusion), either in combination or as a complement to conventional in situ cold flush and static cold storage. The objective of this analysis is to provide an up-to-date overview of perfusion machines and their function in donation after circulatory death with particular attention to their current and likely potential effects on transplant oncology. A literature review comparing standard cold storage to machine perfusion methods showed that, so far, there is no evidence that these devices can reduce the tumor recurrence rate. However, some evidence suggests that these innovative perfusion techniques can improve graft function, reduce ischemia–reperfusion injury, and, based on this mechanism, may lead to future improvements in cancer recurrence. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Liver Failure)
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