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Background:
Systematic Review

Gender Differences in Clinical Practice Regarding Coronary Heart Disease: A Systematic Review

by
Emily Caitlin Lily Knox
1,2,
Inmaculada Mateo-Rodríguez
1,2,3,*,
Antonio Daponte-Codina
1,2,
Fernando Rosell-Ortiz
4,
Silvia Solá-Muñoz
5,6,
Antía Codina-Rodríguez
7,
Héctor Bueno
8,9,10,11 and
José Ignacio Ruiz-Azpiazu
4
1
Andalusian School of Public Health, 18011 Granada, Spain
2
CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
3
Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional a Distancia (UNED), 28015 Madrid, Spain
4
Servicio de Emergencias 061 de La Rioja, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), 26008 Logroño, Spain
5
Sistema de Emergencies Mediques de Catalunya, 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
6
Institut d’Investigació Sanitaria Pere i Virgili (IISPV), 43007 Tarragona, Spain
7
Centro de Salud Universitario Goya, Hospital La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
8
Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
9
Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
10
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovaculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
11
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
 
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Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(5), 1583; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14051583
Submission received: 9 January 2025 / Revised: 11 February 2025 / Accepted: 24 February 2025 / Published: 26 February 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Clinical Practice and Personalized Approaches in Cardiovascular Disease)
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Abstract

Background/Objectives: A systematic review was performed with the aim of analysing potential sex differences in the overall treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods: Studies published between January 2011 and November 2023 that conducted a sex-based analysis of the provision of any type of therapeutic measure to treat CHD were included. A search was performed of the Web of Science database in November 2023, resulting in 9070 articles. Study quality was examined using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. A worksheet was produced to extract data pertaining to the title, year of publication, sample, context, study design, dependent variables, time-frame, treatment type, and outcomes reported by each article. This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines, and the research protocol was submitted to PROSPERO (CRD42022330238). Results: A total of 80 articles presenting data representing 560.070,624 individual datapoints were selected to comprise the final sample. The main findings revealed that the majority of studies highlighted inequalities that disadvantaged females in all analysed treatment categories (pharmacological treatment, invasive interventions, rehabilitation programmes, and other treatment types). Conclusions: Despite the abundance of evidence on the need to improve healthcare provision to females with CHD, few studies examined the reasons or mechanisms underlying the inequalities identified.
Keywords: coronary heart disease; gender; treatments; review; cardiovascular; women coronary heart disease; gender; treatments; review; cardiovascular; women

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MDPI and ACS Style

Knox, E.C.L.; Mateo-Rodríguez, I.; Daponte-Codina, A.; Rosell-Ortiz, F.; Solá-Muñoz, S.; Codina-Rodríguez, A.; Bueno, H.; Ruiz-Azpiazu, J.I. Gender Differences in Clinical Practice Regarding Coronary Heart Disease: A Systematic Review. J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14, 1583. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14051583

AMA Style

Knox ECL, Mateo-Rodríguez I, Daponte-Codina A, Rosell-Ortiz F, Solá-Muñoz S, Codina-Rodríguez A, Bueno H, Ruiz-Azpiazu JI. Gender Differences in Clinical Practice Regarding Coronary Heart Disease: A Systematic Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2025; 14(5):1583. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14051583

Chicago/Turabian Style

Knox, Emily Caitlin Lily, Inmaculada Mateo-Rodríguez, Antonio Daponte-Codina, Fernando Rosell-Ortiz, Silvia Solá-Muñoz, Antía Codina-Rodríguez, Héctor Bueno, and José Ignacio Ruiz-Azpiazu. 2025. "Gender Differences in Clinical Practice Regarding Coronary Heart Disease: A Systematic Review" Journal of Clinical Medicine 14, no. 5: 1583. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14051583

APA Style

Knox, E. C. L., Mateo-Rodríguez, I., Daponte-Codina, A., Rosell-Ortiz, F., Solá-Muñoz, S., Codina-Rodríguez, A., Bueno, H., & Ruiz-Azpiazu, J. I. (2025). Gender Differences in Clinical Practice Regarding Coronary Heart Disease: A Systematic Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 14(5), 1583. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14051583

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