Corticospinal Control of Human Locomotion as a New Determinant of Age-Related Sarcopenia: An Exploratory Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Participants
2.2. Experimental Protocol
2.3. Sarcopenia Screening
2.3.1. Body Composition
2.3.2. Muscle Strength
2.3.3. Physical Performance
2.3.4. Operational Definition of Sarcopenia
2.4. Experimental Protocol
2.5. Electrophysiology
2.5.1. Data Acquisition
2.5.2. Data Pre-Processing
2.5.3. Spectral Analysis
2.6. Statistics
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Total (n = 198) | Women (n = 120) | Men (n = 78) | |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 73 (6) | 73 (6) | 74 (6) |
Height (m) | 1.65 (0.09) | 1.61 (0.06) | 1.73 (0.06) |
Weight (kg) | 67 (11) | 62 (8) | 75 (9) |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.5 (2.8) | 24.1 (2.9) | 25.2 (2.6) |
Total Body fat (kg) | 19 (6) | 20 (6) | 18 (5) |
ALM (kg) | 19 (4) | 16 (2) | 24 (3) |
Muscle strength (kg) | 32 (10) | 26 (5) | 42 (7) |
Gait speed (m·s−1) | 1.08 (0.21) | 1.05 (0.21) | 1.14 (0.20) |
Operational Definition | Skeletal Muscle Mass ① | Muscle Strength ② | Physical Performance ③ | Definition Criteria | Prevalence (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low ALM Cut-Off Points | Low Handgrip (kg) | Low Gait Speed (m/s) | |||
FNIH | ALM/BMI: ♀ ≤ 0.512 | ♂ ≤ 0.789 | ♀ < 16 | ♂ < 26 | — | ① + ② | — |
EWGSOP1BAUM | ALM/height2: ♀ ≤ 5.45 kg/m2 | ♂ ≤ 7.26 kg/m2 | ♀ < 20 | ♂ < 30 | <0.8 | ① + ② + ③ | 4 (~2) |
EWGSOP1DELM1 | ALM/height2: ♀ ≤ 5.67 kg/m2 | ♂ ≤ 7.25 kg/m2 | ♀ < 20 | ♂ < 30 | <0.8 | ① + ② + ③ | 6 (~3) |
EWGSOP1DELM2 | ALM − ALMPLM < 20th percentile of the gender-specific * distribution of residuals | ♀ < 20 | ♂ < 30 | <0.8 | ① + ② + ③ | 8 (~4) |
EWGSOP2 | ALM/height2: ♀ ≤ 6.00 kg/m2 | ♂ ≤ 7.00 kg/m2 | ♀ < 16 | ♂ < 27 | ≤0.8 | ① + ② + ③ | 2 (~1) |
IWGS | ALM/height2: ♀ ≤ 5.67 kg/m2 | ♂ ≤ 7.23 kg/m2 | — | <1.0 | ① + ③ | 8 (~4) |
SCWD | ALM/height2: ♀ ≤ 5.18 kg/m2 | ♂ ≤ 6.81 kg/m2 | — | <1.0 | ① + ③ | 3 (~2) |
FNIH + EWGSOP1BAUMGARTNER + EWGSOP1DELMONICO1 + EWGSOP1DELMONICO2 + EWGSOP2 + IWGS + SCWD | 17 (~9) |
Sarcopenic (n = 11) | Non-Sarcopenic (n = 11) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total (n = 11) | Women (n = 9) | Men (n = 2) | Total (n = 11) | Women (n = 6) | Men (n = 5) | |
Age (years) | 75 (7) | 73 (6) | 85 (1) | 72 (4) | 74 (4) | 71 (4) |
Height (m) | 1.57 (0.09) | 1.54 (0.07) | 1.69 (0.04) | 1.69 (0.07) | 1.64 (0.07) | 1.74 (0.03) |
Weight (kg) | 57 (9) | 55 (7) | 68 (12) | 69 (11) | 64 (9) | 75 (12) |
BMI (kg/m2) | 23.2 (3.1) | 23 (3.2) | 23.9 (3.3) | 24.2 (2.8) | 23.7 (2.4) | 24.8 (3.3) |
Total Body fat (kg) | 18 (5) | 18 (5) | 20 (9) | 18 (6) | 19 (5) | 17 (7) |
ALM (kg) | 15 (3) | 14 (2) | 19 (2) | 21 (4) | 18 (3) | 24 (2) |
Muscle strength (kg) | 23 (5) | 22 (4) | 31 (4) | 36 (11) | 28 (4) | 46 (6) |
Gait speed (m·s−1) | 0.82 (0.10) | 0.79 (0.09) | 0.94 (0.04) | 1.07 (0.08) | 1.04 (0.07) | 1.10 (0.08) |
Log (Sum of Coherence) | Sensitivity | 1-Specificity | Cut-Off | AUC (95.0%CI) | SE | z | p-Value | Hedge’s (95.0%CI) | p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control | Sarcopenic | ||||||||||
Cz-TA | −6.3 (1.7) | −5.3 (1.5) | 0.71 | 0.75 | −5.4 (0.46) | 0.68 (0.38–0.98) | 0.15 | 1.17 | 0.242 | 0.57 (−0.53–1.52) | 0.272 |
Cz-GL | −6.1 (1.5) | −6.2 (1.4) | 1.00 | 0.14 | −7.8/−7.3/−3.5 (0.14) b | 0.45 (0.11–0.79) | 0.17 | −0.29 | 0.768 | −0.02 (−1.20–1.04) | 0.798 |
Cz-GM | −6.6 (1.2) | −5.5 (1.7) | 0.82 | 0.67 | −6.1 (0.48) | 0.70 (0.45 – 0.95) | 0.13 | 1.54 | 0.123 | 0.66 (−0.28–1.61) | 0.149 |
Cz-SOL | −5.5 (1.2) | −4.9 (2.1) | 0.63 | 0.71 | −3.8 (0.44) | 0.57 (0.24–0.90) | 0.17 | 0.43 | 0.669 | 0.35 (−0.75–1.42) | 0.685 |
Cz-VL | −5.6 (1.3) | −5.1 (2.2) | 0.44 | 1.00 | −4.9 (0.50) | 0.61 (0.31–0.91) | 0.15 | 0.72 | 0.473 | 0.2 (−0.7–1.3) | 0.517 |
Cz-VM | −6.9 (1.2) | −3.7 (1.6) | 1.00 | 0.89 | −5.2 (0.89) | 0.98 (0.92–1.04) a | 0.03 | 15.20 | <0.001 | 2.2 (1.3–3.1) | 0.005 |
Cz-BF | −7.5 (2.1) | −4.5 (1.7) | 1.00 | 0.70 | −6.2 (0.70) | 0.86 (0.68–1.03) a | 0.09 | 3.97 | <0.001 | 1.5 (0.7–2.2) | 0.010 |
Cz-RF | −7.2 (1.4) | −5.7 (3.0) | 0.50 | 1.00 | −4.4 (0.34) | 0.70 (0.40–0.99) | 0.15 | 1.32 | 0.187 | 0.6 (−0.6–1.6) | 0.224 |
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Gennaro, F.; Maino, P.; Kaelin-Lang, A.; De Bock, K.; de Bruin, E.D. Corticospinal Control of Human Locomotion as a New Determinant of Age-Related Sarcopenia: An Exploratory Study. J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9, 720. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030720
Gennaro F, Maino P, Kaelin-Lang A, De Bock K, de Bruin ED. Corticospinal Control of Human Locomotion as a New Determinant of Age-Related Sarcopenia: An Exploratory Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 9(3):720. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030720
Chicago/Turabian StyleGennaro, Federico, Paolo Maino, Alain Kaelin-Lang, Katrien De Bock, and Eling D. de Bruin. 2020. "Corticospinal Control of Human Locomotion as a New Determinant of Age-Related Sarcopenia: An Exploratory Study" Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 3: 720. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030720