Assessment of the Impact of Parental BMI on the Incidence of Overweight and Obesity in Children from Ukraine
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Anthropometric Measurements
2.3. Statistical Analysis
2.4. Ethics
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Availability of Data and Materials
References
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Father | Mother | Child | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BMI Classification | n | % | n | % | n | % |
Underweight | 45 | 0.40 | 294 | 2.60 | 1697 | 15.00 |
Normal Weight | 4305 | 38.10 | 5880 | 52.10 | 8208 | 72.70 |
Overweight | 5146 | 45.60 | 3588 | 31.80 | 1146 | 10.20 |
Obese | 1792 | 15.90 | 1526 | 13.50 | 237 | 2.10 |
BMI Classification of Parents | Fathers | Mothers | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BMI z-Score of Children | ||||||||||
Mean | Me | Std. dev. | c25 | c75 | Mean | Me | Std. dev. | c25 | c75 | |
Underweight | −0.76 | −0.63 | 1.23 | −1.60 | 0.29 | −0.60 | −0.58 | 1.35 | −1.41 | 0.27 |
Normal | −0.28 | −0.19 | 1.09 | −0.94 | 0.43 | −0.26 | −0.19 | 1.08 | −0.89 | 0.46 |
Overweight | −0.11 | −0.04 | 1.06 | −0.72 | 0.61 | −0.02 | 0.06 | 1.05 | −0.64 | 0.67 |
Obesity | 0.13 | 0.21 | 1.08 | −0.53 | 0.87 | 0.16 | 0.20 | 1.03 | −0.44 | 0.87 |
p | 0.0000 *** | 0.0000 *** |
BMI Classification of Children | BMI Classification (Father) (p = 0.0000 ***) | BMI Classification (Mother) (p = 0.0000 ***) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Underweight n (%) | Normal n (%) | Overweight n (%) | Obesity n (%) | Underweight n (%) | Normal n (%) | Overweight n (%) | Obesity n (%) | |
Underweight | 16 (35.6) | 795 (18.5) | 706 (13.7) | 180 (10.0) | 93 (31.6) | 1011 (17.2) | 449 (12.5) | 144 (9.4) |
Normal | 28 (62.2) | 3100 (72.0) | 3806 (74.0) | 1274 (71.1) | 171 (58.2) | 4307 (73.2) | 2641 (73.6) | 1089 (71.4) |
Overweight | 1 (2.2) | 337 (7.8) | 545 (10.6) | 263 (14.7) | 23 (7.8) | 480 (8.2) | 408 (11.4) | 235 (15.4) |
Obesity | 0 (0.0) | 73 (1.7) | 89 (1.7) | 75 (4.2) | 7 (2.4) | 82 (1.4) | 90 (2.5) | 58 (3.8) |
BMI Classification | BMI Classification (Father) | BMI Classification (Mother) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Normal | Overweight | Obesity | Normal | Overweight | Obesity | |||||
n (%) | n (%) | OR | n (%) | OR | n (%) | n (%) | OR | n (%) | OR | |
Overweight | 338 (7.8) | 545 (10.6) | 1.41 (1.22–1.62) * | 263 (14.7) | 2.04 (1.72–2.42) * | 503 (8.1) | 408 (11.4) | 1.45 (1.26–1.66) * | 235 (15.4) | 2.05 (1.74–2.42) * |
Obesity | 73 (1.7) | 89 (1.7) | 1.03 (0.75–1.41) | 75 (4.2) | 2.56 (1.85–3.55) * | 89 (1.4) | 90 (2.5) | 1.76 (1.31–2.36) * | 58 (3.8) | 2.70 (1.93–3.78) * |
Overweight/Obesity | 411 (9.4) | 634 (12.3) | 1.35 (1.18–1.54) * | 338 (18.9) | 2.23 (1.91–2.60) * | 592 (9.6) | 498 (13.9) | 1.52 (1.34–1.73) * | 293 (19.2) | 2.24 1.92–2.61) * |
BMI Classification (Father) | BMI Z-Score | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BMI Classification (Mother) | ||||||||||||
Normal | Overweight | Obesity | ||||||||||
n | Me | s | n | Me | s | n | Me | s | ||||
Normal | 2662 | −0.41 | −0.32 | 1.12 | 1195 | −0.14 | −0.04 | 1.03 | 493 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 1.00 |
Overweight | 2719 | −0.23 | −0.16 | 1.06 | 1765 | −0.03 | 0.04 | 1.04 | 662 | 0.19 | 0.22 | 1.01 |
Obesity | 793 | −0.04 | 0.01 | 1.05 | 628 | 0.24 | 0.30 | 1.09 | 371 | 0.31 | 0.36 | 1.09 |
BMI Categories | BMI Classification (Mother) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Normal | Overweight | Obesity | |||||||
BMI Classification (Father) | |||||||||
Normal | Overweight | Obesity | Normal | Overweight | Obesity | Normal | Overweight | Obesity | |
Overweight | 7% | 9% | 11% | 9% | 11% | 17% | 11% | 16% | 20% |
Obesity | 1% | 1% | 3% | 2% | 2% | 5% | 3% | 3% | 6% |
Overweight/Obesity | 8% | 10% | 13% | 10% | 13% | 22% | 14% | 19% | 25% |
Dependent Variable | Overweight | Obesity | Overweight or Obesity |
---|---|---|---|
BMI Classification (Father) | p = 0.0000 *** | p = 0.0000 *** | p = 0.0000 *** |
BMI Classification (Mother) | p = 0.0000 *** | p = 0.0000 *** | p = 0.0000 *** |
BMI Classification (Interaction) | p = 0.6994 | p = 0.5227 | p = 0.2984 |
Independent Factors | Effect | Prevalence Among Children | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Overweight | Obesity | Overweight or Obesity | ||
OR (95% C.I.) | ||||
BMI Classification (Father) | obesity vs. normal | 1.87 (1.58–2.23) * | 2.26 (1.62–3.15) * | 2.03 (1.73–2.37) * |
overweight vs. normal | 1.36 (1.18–1.57) * | 0.98 (0.72–1.34) | 1.30 (1.14–1.48) * | |
BMI Classification (Mother) | obesity vs. normal | 1.91 (1.62–2.26) * | 2.41 (1.72–3.39) * | 2.07 (1.77–2.42) * |
overweight vs. normal | 1.38 (1.21–1.59) * | 1.68 (1.25–2.26) * | 1.45 (1.28–1.65) * |
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Dereń, K.; Wyszyńska, J.; Nyankovskyy, S.; Nyankovska, O.; Łuszczki, E.; Sobolewski, M.; Mazur, A. Assessment of the Impact of Parental BMI on the Incidence of Overweight and Obesity in Children from Ukraine. J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9, 1060. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9041060
Dereń K, Wyszyńska J, Nyankovskyy S, Nyankovska O, Łuszczki E, Sobolewski M, Mazur A. Assessment of the Impact of Parental BMI on the Incidence of Overweight and Obesity in Children from Ukraine. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 9(4):1060. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9041060
Chicago/Turabian StyleDereń, Katarzyna, Justyna Wyszyńska, Serhiy Nyankovskyy, Olena Nyankovska, Edyta Łuszczki, Marek Sobolewski, and Artur Mazur. 2020. "Assessment of the Impact of Parental BMI on the Incidence of Overweight and Obesity in Children from Ukraine" Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 4: 1060. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9041060