A Sensitivity Analysis of the SPACSYS Model
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Site
2.2. Parameters and Simulated Outputs
2.3. Sensitivity Analysis and Diagnostics
2.4. Simulated Climate and Soil Data
3. Results
3.1. Soil Water Dynamics
3.2. Dry Matter of Winter Wheat
3.3. Nitrogen and Carbon Losses from Soil
3.3.1. Losses with Surface Runoff
3.3.2. Nitrogen and Carbon Leaching
3.3.3. Gas Emissions
3.4. Changes of Soil C and N Pools
4. Discussion
4.1. Sensitive Parameters for Water Dynamics
4.2. Sensitive Parameters for Yield and Biomass
4.3. Sensitive Parameters for Losses from Soil
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
No. | Abbreviations | Variable Description | Unit | Min | Max |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | SFD | Specific fertiliser dissolution rate | 1/day | 0.0001 | 0.5 |
2 | Q1N | Coenzyme Q10 temperature coefficient for nitrification | - | 0.1 | 5 |
3 | Q1M | Coenzyme Q10 temperature coefficient for mineralization | - | 0.1 | 5 |
4 | Q1D | Coenzyme Q10 temperature coefficient for denitrification | - | 0.1 | 5 |
5 | PFF-NO | NO production fraction from nitrification | - | 0.00001 | 0.1 |
6 | PFF-N2O | N2O production fraction from nitrification | - | 0.000001 | 0.01 |
7 | MHC | Minimum hydraulic conductivity | mm/day | 0 | 10 |
8 | MMR | Microbial maintenance respiration rate | 1/day | 0.01 | 2 |
9 | MDG-NO3 | Maximum NO3 denitrifier growth rate | 1/day | 1 | 40 |
10 | MDG-N2O | Maximum N2O denitrifier growth rate | 1/day | 1 | 20 |
11 | MDG-NO2 | Maximum NO2 denitrifier growth rate | 1/day | 1 | 40 |
12 | MDG-NO | Maximum NO denitrifier growth rate | 1/day | 1 | 20 |
13 | MNG | Maximum nitrifier growth rate | 1/day | 0.1 | 15 |
14 | MND | Maximum nitrifier death rate | 1/day | 0.01 | 5 |
15 | MGY- NO3 | Maximum growth yield on NO3 | gC/gN | 0.01 | 1 |
16 | MGY- NO2 | Maximum growth yield on NO2 | gC/gN | 0.01 | 1 |
17 | MGY- NO | Maximum growth yield on NO | gC/gN | 0.01 | 3 |
18 | MGY- N2O | Maximum growth yield on N2O | gC/gN | 0.01 | 4 |
19 | MAN | Maximum autotrophic nitrification rate | 1/day | 0.001 | 0.1 |
20 | MCC | Maintenance coefficient on carbon in denitrification | 1/day | 0.0001 | 0.02 |
21 | HPD | Humus potential decomposition rate | 1/day | 0.0000001 | 0.001 |
22 | HFL | Partitioning fraction to humus from decomposed fresh litter | - | 0 | 1 |
23 | HFD | Partitioning fraction to humus from decomposed dissolved organic matter | - | 0 | 1 |
24 | HDC | Michaelis constant on dissolved organic carbon concentration | g/m3 | 1 | 40 |
25 | HAC | Michaelis constant on ammonium concentration | gN/m3 | 1 | 30 |
26 | HNO | Michaelis constant on NOx concentration | gN/m3 | 50 | 200 |
27 | FLD | Fresh litter potential decomposition rate | 1/day | 0.0001 | 0.1 |
28 | DBD | distance between drainpipes | m | 2 | 100 |
29 | DPR | Potential decomposition rate of dissolved organic matter | 1/day | 0.0001 | 0.1 |
30 | UCD | Unsaturated conductivity decrease | - | 0 | 10 |
31 | SCF | Soil cover fraction to prevent infiltration | - | 0 | 1 |
32 | RFO | Runoff first order rate coefficient | 1/day | 0.01 | 1 |
33 | MRL | Minimum roughness length | m | 0.001 | 1 |
34 | MSS | Maximum surface storage (no runoff) | mm | 0.01 | 10 |
35 | HSG | Half saturation global radiation intensity | J/m2/day | 0 | 10,000,000 |
36 | ESP | Empirical scale in pore shape | - | 0.01 | 10 |
37 | DPL | Drain pipe level, negative downwards | m | -10 | 0 |
38 | DPD | Drain pipe diameter | m | 1 | 10 |
39 | CAC | Corresponding water amount that the ground is fully covered | mm | 1 | 200 |
40 | RAP | Relative activity at porosity | - | 0 | 1 |
41 | WCI | Water content interval to unity | vol% | 1 | 15 |
42 | OAW | Optimal water content at which there is no adverse effect from soil moisture | vol% | 3 | 40 |
43 | CWF | Coefficient in the water function for decomposition | - | 0 | 100 |
44 | ASF | Assimilation factor | - | 0 | 1 |
45 | LLF | Unit loss fraction of litter with surface runoff | - | 0 | 1 |
46 | RLF | Unit loss fraction of residue with surface runoff | - | 0 | 1 |
47 | BTM | Reference temperature at which the reaction function is unity for mineralization | °C | 0 | 35 |
48 | RLT | A transferring fraction of residue to the litter pool | 1/day | 0 | 0.5 |
49 | DFH | A transferring fraction of decomposed humus pool to dissolved organic matter | - | 0 | 1 |
50 | DFF | A transferring fraction of decomposed fresh litter to dissolved organic matter | - | 0 | 1 |
51 | DFL | A transferring fraction of litter to dissolved organic matter | - | 0 | 1 |
52 | HNC | Michaelis constant on nitrate concentration | gN/m3 | 5 | 15 |
53 | BTN | Reference temperature at which the reaction function is unity for nitrification | °C | 0 | 35 |
54 | BTD | Reference temperature at which the reaction function is unity for denitrification | °C | 0 | 35 |
55 | WCA | Water content interval activity | vol% | 0 | 100 |
56 | FWD- NH4 | NH4 fraction in wet deposition | - | 0 | 1 |
57 | FDD- NH4 | NH4 fraction in dry deposition | - | 0 | 1 |
58 | AFI | Fraction of ammonium that cannot move freely with water | - | 0 | 1 |
59 | MCN | C:N ratio in microbial biomass | - | 5 | 15 |
60 | AIF | A fraction of ammonium that can be used for immobilisation | - | 0 | 1 |
61 | HCV | Vapour pressure deficit at which leaf stomata half closed |
No. | Abbreviations | Output | Unit |
---|---|---|---|
1 | GWF | Groundwater water flux | mm/year |
2 | WSC | Soil water content change in the soil profile | % |
3 | GDM | Grain dry matter | gDM/m2 |
4 | LDM | Leaf dry matter | gDM/m2 |
5 | SDM | Stem dry matter | gDM/m2 |
6 | NOR | NO3 loss with surface runoff | gN/m2/year |
7 | NDR | Dissolved N loss with surface runoff | gN/m2/year |
8 | NRR | Residue N loss with surface runoff | gN/m2/year |
9 | CDR | Dissolved C loss with surface runoff | gC/m2/year |
10 | CRR | Residue C loss with surface runoff | gC/m2/year |
11 | SRO | Surface runoff | Mm/year |
12 | NHL | NH4 leaching | gN/m2/year |
13 | NOL | NO3 leaching | gN/m2/year |
14 | NDL | N dissolved leach | gN/m2/year |
15 | CDL | C dissolved leach | gN/m2/year |
16 | NOE | NO emission rate | gN/m2/year |
17 | N2O | N2O emission rate | gN/m2/year |
18 | N2E | N2 emission rate | gN/m2/year |
19 | DRE | Dissolved release | gC/m2/year |
20 | FLR | Fresh litter release | gC/m2/year |
21 | HRE | Humus release | gC/m2/year |
22 | MRE | Microbial release | gC/m2/year |
23 | NHP | N in humus | gN/m2 |
24 | NDP | Dissolved N | gN/m2 |
25 | NMR | Mineralization rate | gN/m2/year |
26 | CDP | Dissolved C | gC/m2 |
27 | CHP | C in humus | gC/m2 |
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Shan, Y.; Huang, M.; Harris, P.; Wu, L. A Sensitivity Analysis of the SPACSYS Model. Agriculture 2021, 11, 624. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11070624
Shan Y, Huang M, Harris P, Wu L. A Sensitivity Analysis of the SPACSYS Model. Agriculture. 2021; 11(7):624. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11070624
Chicago/Turabian StyleShan, Yan, Mingbin Huang, Paul Harris, and Lianhai Wu. 2021. "A Sensitivity Analysis of the SPACSYS Model" Agriculture 11, no. 7: 624. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11070624