Impact of Kiwifruit Waste Compost on Soil Bacteriome and Lettuce Growth
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Pot Experiment
2.2. Analytical Methods
2.3. Sampling and Preparation of Soil Samples for DNA Extraction
2.4. Extraction, Purification, and Sequencing of Microbial DNA
2.5. Bioinformatics and Sequencing Results Analysis
2.6. Nucleotide Sequences Accession Number
2.7. Statistical Analyses
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Effect of Compost and Mineral N Fertilizer on Lettuce Growth
3.2. Effect of Compost and Mineral N Fertilizer on Soil Bacteriological Composition
3.3. Influence of Soil Bacteriological Composition on Lettuce Growth
3.3.1. Bacteriological Composition
3.3.2. Functional Analysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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5S | 10S | 20S | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
pH | 7.8 ± 0.1 | 7.7 ± 0.1 | 7.4 ± 0.2 | |
EC | (dS·m−1) | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.4 ± 0.2 | 0.3 ± 0.0 |
OM | (g·kg−1) | 762 ± 12 | 834 ± 4 | 920 ± 7 |
N | (g·kg−1) | 28.7 ± 1.0 | 27.7 ± 0.8 | 12.9 ± 1.4 |
C/N | 15 ± 1 | 17 ± 1 | 40 ± 4 | |
N-NH4+ | (mg·kg−1) | 149 ± 62 | 25 ± 13 | 39 ± 10 |
N-NO3− | (mg·kg−1) | 26 ± 3 | 157 ± 69 | 48 ± 20 |
P | (g·kg−1) | 4.3 ± 0.6 | 3.7 ± 0.4 | 1.3 ± 0.2 |
K | (g·kg−1) | 12.5 ± 0.5 | 12.5 ± 1.1 | 7.7 ± 1.0 |
Fertilizer | Code | Dose |
---|---|---|
Control | C | |
Mineral N fertilizer (20.5% N) | AA30 | 146 kg·ha−1 |
Mineral N fertilizer (20.5% N) | AA70 | 341 kg·ha−1 |
Compost 5% straw | 5S10 | 10 t·ha−1 |
Compost 5% straw | 5S20 | 20 t·ha−1 |
Compost 5% straw | 5S40 | 40 t·ha−1 |
Compost 10% straw | 10S10 | 10 t·ha−1 |
Compost 10% straw | 10S20 | 20 t·ha−1 |
Compost 10% straw | 10S40 | 40 t·ha−1 |
Compost 20% straw | 20S10 | 10 t·ha−1 |
Compost 20% straw | 20S20 | 20 t·ha−1 |
Compost 20% straw | 20S40 | 40 t·ha−1 |
pH | EC | OM * | Extractable Phosphorus ** | Extractable Potassium ** | Extractable Calcium *** | Extractable Magnesium *** |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(dS m−1) | (%) | (mg kg−1) | (mg kg−1) | (mg kg−1) | (mg kg−1) | |
5.9 ± 0.1 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 4.3 ± 0.5 | 121 ± 13 | 263 ± 18 | 263 ± 24 | 81 ± 14 |
DM | N Content | N Accumulation | Mineral N | Mineralized N | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
(%) | (g kg−1) | (mg plant−1) | (mg pot−1) | (mg pot−1) | |
C | 10.7 ± 0.6 | 15.8 ± 0.2 | 30.0 ± 3.4 | - | - |
N30 | 12.4 ± 1.5 | 18.8 ± 1.0 | 37.5 ± 6.2 | 300 | - |
N70 | 10.0 ± 0.8 | 24.1 ± 1.6 | 69.0 ± 12.2 | 700 | - |
5S10 | 8.0 ± 1.7 | 15.1 ± 1.6 | 43.2 ± 4.9 | 3.1 | 10.1 |
5S20 | 8.1 ± 1.0 | 16.5 ± 2.1 | 86.9 ± 8.4 | 6.3 | 50.5 |
5S40 | 6.9 ± 0.9 | 16.5 ± 2.2 | 65.8 ± 16.3 | 12.5 | 23.2 |
10S10 | 8.8 ± 0.9 | 16.0 ± 1.9 | 35.9 ± 6.2 | 2.8 | 3.0 |
10S20 | 7.7 ± 1.1 | 15.9 ± 1.3 | 51.9 ± 4.8 | 5.6 | 16.2 |
10S40 | 7.1 ± 0.1 | 17.8 ± 1.2 | 80.4 ± 17.3 | 11.2 | 39.2 |
20S10 | 8.8 ± 0.8 | 17.0 ± 2.0 | 36.5 ± 8.6 | 1.6 | 4.8 |
20S20 | 8.5 ± 0.5 | 14.9 ± 2.4 | 32.5 ± 16.2 | 3.2 | 0.0 |
20S40 | 8.0 ± 0.5 | 14.1 ± 0.7 | 30.6 ± 5.4 | 6.4 | 0.0 |
LSD | 1.4 | 2.5 | 14.9 |
Sample | Observed Species | Shannon | Simpson | Chao1 | ACE |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C (e) | 3465 | 9.125 | 0.991 | 4588.199 | 4529.034 |
N30 (e) | 2756 | 8.581 | 0.986 | 3126.095 | 3336.335 |
N70 (e) | 2781 | 8.929 | 0.993 | 3080.517 | 3233.258 |
20S10 (e) | 3390 | 9.567 | 0.996 | 3792.223 | 4040.761 |
20S20 (e) | 3441 | 9.371 | 0.994 | 4391.518 | 4364.381 |
20S40 (e) | 4017 | 9.953 | 0.996 | 4757.697 | 4853.611 |
10S10 (e) | 3875 | 9.909 | 0.996 | 4629.201 | 4715.741 |
10S20 (e) | 4129 | 10.016 | 0.996 | 4869.104 | 4961.429 |
10S40 (e) | 4301 | 9.949 | 0.997 | 5692.096 | 5733.125 |
5S10 (e) | 3648 | 9.648 | 0.995 | 4323.995 | 4402.814 |
5S20 (e) | 3321 | 9.396 | 0.994 | 4106.534 | 4073.586 |
5S40 (e) | 3513 | 9.492 | 0.994 | 4150.914 | 4268.635 |
C (r) | 2607 | 8.621 | 0.990 | 2914.944 | 3076.161 |
N30 (r) | 2763 | 8.804 | 0.993 | 3360.813 | 3489.190 |
N70 (r) | 2877 | 8.512 | 0.988 | 3549.633 | 3637.165 |
20S10 (r) | 2774 | 8.643 | 0.991 | 3125.921 | 3335.398 |
20S20 (r) | 3216 | 9.288 | 0.995 | 3655.835 | 3770.027 |
20S40 (r) | 3422 | 9.318 | 0.994 | 3872.488 | 3989.121 |
10S10 (r) | 3327 | 9.241 | 0.992 | 4076.302 | 4175.466 |
10S20 (r) | 3211 | 9.248 | 0.995 | 3664.377 | 3785.656 |
10S40 (r) | 3641 | 9.616 | 0.996 | 4111.319 | 4312.322 |
5S10 (r) | 3540 | 9.530 | 0.995 | 4282.607 | 4387.217 |
5S20 (r) | 3696 | 9.661 | 0.995 | 4435.924 | 4535.316 |
5S40 (r) | 3265 | 9.520 | 0.996 | 3652.223 | 3757.082 |
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Fernandes, P.; Pinto, R.; Correia, C.; Mourão, I.; Moura, L.; Brito, L.M. Impact of Kiwifruit Waste Compost on Soil Bacteriome and Lettuce Growth. Agriculture 2024, 14, 1409. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14081409
Fernandes P, Pinto R, Correia C, Mourão I, Moura L, Brito LM. Impact of Kiwifruit Waste Compost on Soil Bacteriome and Lettuce Growth. Agriculture. 2024; 14(8):1409. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14081409
Chicago/Turabian StyleFernandes, Paulo, Rui Pinto, Cláudia Correia, Isabel Mourão, Luísa Moura, and Luís Miguel Brito. 2024. "Impact of Kiwifruit Waste Compost on Soil Bacteriome and Lettuce Growth" Agriculture 14, no. 8: 1409. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14081409