Effect of Climate Change on Identification of Delayed Chilling Damage of Rice in China’s Cold Region
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Data and Methods
2.1. The Source of Data
2.2. Research Methods
2.2.1. Identification of Delayed Chilling Damage in Rice
2.2.2. Yield Analysis Method
2.2.3. Data Processing and Analysis Methods
3. Result and Analysis
3.1. Revealing Delayed Chilling Damage in Rice through Diverse Climate Averages
3.1.1. Revealing Profile
3.1.2. Differences in Revealing Range
3.2. Verification and Analysis of Delayed Chilling Damage of Rice under Different Climate Averages
3.3. Evolutionary Patterns of Rice Delayed Cold Damage Based on P3 Climatic Mean
3.3.1. Time Variation Characteristic
3.3.2. Spatial Variation Characteristics
3.4. The Relationship between Temperature Difference and Relative Meteorological Yield of Rice
3.5. The Relationship between Temperature Difference and Maturity Zone
4. Conclusions and Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Chilling Damage Grade | Early Mature Region | Middle Mature Region | Late Mature Region | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I | II | III | IV | V | VI | |
≤ 83 | ≤ 88 | ≤ 93 | ≤ 98 | ≤ 103 | > 103 | |
Light | −1.5 ≤ ≤−1.0 | −1.9 ≤ ≤−1.4 | −2.1 ≤ ≤−1.7 | −2.6 ≤ ≤−1.9 | −3.1 ≤ ≤−2.4 | −3.6 ≤ ≤−2.9 |
Moderate | −2.0 ≤ <−1.5 | −2.2 ≤ <−1.9 | −2.6 ≤ <−2.1 | −3.2 ≤ <−2.6 | −3.8 ≤ <−3.1 | −4.2 ≤ <−3.6 |
Severe | < −2.0 | < −2.2 | < −2.6 | < −3.2 | < −3.8 | < −4.2 |
Year | Yield Reduction Rate | Chilling Damage Grade | IOC | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1961 | −26.2 | Severe | 0 | 0.03 | 0.21 | 0.38 |
1962 | −6.2 | Light | 0.12 | 0.09 | 0.06 | 0.03 |
1964 | −21.1 | Severe | 0.56 | 0.76 | 0.85 | 0.88 |
1965 | −14.8 | Moderate | 0.03 | 0.18 | 0.15 | 0 |
1969 | −26.3 | Severe | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
1971 | −18.8 | Severe | 0.85 | 0.97 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
1972 | −55.1 | Severe | 0.97 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
1976 | −28.5 | Severe | 0.56 | 0.88 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
1977 | −12.6 | Moderate | 0 | 0 | 0.15 | 0.06 |
1981 | −28.2 | Severe | 0.65 | 0.94 | 0.94 | 1.00 |
1983 | −15.7 | Severe | 0.74 | 0.97 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
1987 | −8.1 | Light | 0.18 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0 |
1989 | −11.9 | Moderate | 0 | 0.09 | 0.21 | 0.06 |
1992 | −7.6 | Light | 0.29 | 0.06 | 0.09 | 0 |
1993 | −5.8 | Light | 0 | 0.24 | 0.12 | 0.06 |
Grade | 1960s | 1970s | 1980s | 1990s | 2000s | 2010s |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Light | 6.5 | 5.9 | 4.7 | 7.4 | 1.2 | 0.3 |
Moderate | 10.5 | 7.9 | 6.2 | 6.8 | 1.8 | 1.5 |
Severe | 52.4 | 47.1 | 39.7 | 14.1 | 0.6 | 0 |
Station | Station | Station | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nehe | 0.131 ** | Qing’an | 0.199 ** | Shangzhi | 0.172 ** |
Beian | 0.164 ** | Huanan | 0.207 ** | Tieli | 0.200 ** |
Longjiang | 0.154 ** | Jixian | 0.210 ** | Tangyuan | 0.179 ** |
Hailun | 0.194 ** | Baoqing | 0.172 ** | Jiamusi | 0.179 ** |
Suiling | 0.182 ** | Zhaoyuan | 0.144 ** | Yilan | 0.143 ** |
Tongjiang | 0.159 ** | Shuangcheng | 0.127 ** | Huachuan | 0.162 ** |
Suibin | 0.144 ** | Acheng | 0.170 ** | Hulin | 0.201 ** |
Fujin | 0.171 ** | Mulan | 0.146 ** | Mishan | 0.161 ** |
Tailai | 0.147 ** | Tonghe | 0.160 ** | Jidong | 0.200 ** |
Suihua | 0.181 ** | Fangzheng | 0.162 ** | Wuchang | 0.182 ** |
Zhaodong | 0.151 ** | Yanshou | 0.176 ** | Muling | 0.188 ** |
Ning’an | 0.214 ** |
Station | Station | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nehe | II | II | III | III | Acheng | III | III | IV | IV |
Beian | I | I | II | II | Mulan | III | III | III | IV |
Longjiang | III | III | IV | IV | Tonghe | II | II | III | III |
Hailun | II | II | III | III | Fangzheng | III | III | III | III |
Suiling | II | II | III | III | Yanshou | II | II | III | III |
Tongjiang | II | III | III | III | Shangzhi | II | II | III | III |
Suibin | III | III | III | III | Tieli | II | II | II | III |
Fujin | III | III | III | III | Tangyuan | II | II | III | III |
Tailai | IV | IV | V | V | Jiamusi | III | III | III | IV |
Suihua | III | III | III | IV | Yilan | III | III | III | III |
Zhaodong | III | IV | IV | IV | Huachuan | III | III | III | III |
Qing’an | II | III | III | III | Hulin | II | II | III | III |
Huanan | II | III | III | III | Mishan | II | II | III | III |
Jixian | III | III | IV | IV | Jidong | II | III | III | IV |
Baoqing | III | III | III | IV | Wuchang | III | III | IV | IV |
Zhaoyuan | IV | IV | IV | V | Muling | II | II | III | III |
Shuangcheng | IV | IV | IV | IV | Ning’an | III | III | III | III |
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Jiang, L.; Han, J.; Cui, H.; Chu, Z.; Li, S.; Zhang, Y.; Ji, Y.; Wang, Q.; Li, X.; Wang, P. Effect of Climate Change on Identification of Delayed Chilling Damage of Rice in China’s Cold Region. Agriculture 2024, 14, 1456. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14091456
Jiang L, Han J, Cui H, Chu Z, Li S, Zhang Y, Ji Y, Wang Q, Li X, Wang P. Effect of Climate Change on Identification of Delayed Chilling Damage of Rice in China’s Cold Region. Agriculture. 2024; 14(9):1456. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14091456
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiang, Lixia, Junjie Han, Hongtao Cui, Zheng Chu, Shuling Li, Yining Zhang, Yanghui Ji, Qiujing Wang, Xiufen Li, and Ping Wang. 2024. "Effect of Climate Change on Identification of Delayed Chilling Damage of Rice in China’s Cold Region" Agriculture 14, no. 9: 1456. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14091456