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Agriculture
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Monitoring, Modelling and Management of Agricultural Air Pollutants and Greenhouse...
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Monitoring, Modelling and Management of Agricultural Air Pollutants and Greenhouse Gases

A special issue of Agriculture (ISSN 2077-0472). This special issue belongs to the section "Ecosystem, Environment and Climate Change in Agriculture".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 August 2024 | Viewed by 1610

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Weiwei Chen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology (IGA), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Changchun 130102, China
Interests: agricultural air pollution; climate change; emission inventory; simulation modeling; remote sensing of atmospheric environment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Qiuju Xie

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Electrical and Information, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
Interests: environmental control; environmental quality assessment; machine learning; simulation and modeling; air pollutant concentration monitoring
Prof. Dr. Li Guo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
Interests: agricultural air pollution; monitoring of agricultural environment; mitigation and filtration of agricultural pollutants; remote sensing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The rapid development of modern agriculture has provided considerable benefits to the growing population of the world. Meanwhile, agricultural activities have also produced some undesirable environmental consequences, including air pollution and climate change, which are having increasingly deleterious effects on the health of the ecosystem and humans. In order to reduce agriculture-related atmospheric emissions, the utilization of appropriate technologies and methodologies to realistically evaluate the impact of pollution on the atmosphere and suggest options for mitigation may be of use to farmers and policy makers. These feedback mechanisms rely on observed effects, measured pollutant concentrations, and modeling to predict the transport and fate of pollutants and to estimate potential risks.

This Special Issue focuses on the monitoring, modelling and management of the air pollutants and greenhouse gases (GHG) emitted from agricultural activities, including farmland soil management, fertilization, pesticide use, agricultural machinery, residue burning, and animal feeding operations (AFOs). This Special Issue welcomes interdisciplinary studies that are relevant to a range of research fields, including agricultural environment, biology, chemistry and engineering. The published research articles will address a broad range of agricultural atmospheric pollutants and GHGs, from ground monitoring to remote sensing, and from simulation modelling to mitigation technologies. Original research articles, opinions and reviews are welcome.

Prof. Dr. Weiwei Chen
Prof. Dr. Qiuju Xie
Prof. Dr. Li Guo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Agriculture is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • agricultural residues
  • life cycle assessment
  • emissions
  • nitrogen utilization
  • environmental impacts
  • Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
  • environmental control

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 2711 KiB  
Article
Volatile Organic Compound Emission Inventory for Pesticide Spraying in an Agricultural City of Northeast China: Real-Time Monitoring and Method Optimization
by Ruimin Li, Zixuan Xia, Bo You, Bowen Shi and Jing Fu
Agriculture 2024, 14(8), 1223; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14081223 - 25 Jul 2024
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Abstract
Atmospheric volatile organic compounds (VOCs), such as olefins and aromatics, released from synthetic chemical pesticide sprays can increase regional air pollution, public health risks, and food security risks. However, significant uncertainties remain regarding the measurement methods and chemical profiles of VOC emissions. Using [...] Read more.
Atmospheric volatile organic compounds (VOCs), such as olefins and aromatics, released from synthetic chemical pesticide sprays can increase regional air pollution, public health risks, and food security risks. However, significant uncertainties remain regarding the measurement methods and chemical profiles of VOC emissions. Using an agricultural city, Changchun City in Northeast China, as a case study, we quantified real-time concentration and composition data based on online monitoring instruments for the year 2023. This study optimized data collection methods for emission factors and activity levels and developed a high-precision emission inventory of VOCs in pesticides at the city scale. The emission factors for VOCs from the seven categories of pesticides were estimated as follows: 78 g/kg (nicosulfuron and atrazine, oil-dispersible [OD] and suspension emulsion [SE], respectively), 4 g/kg (chlorpyrifos and indoxair conditioningarb, suspension concentrate [SC]), 5 g/kg (fluopicolide and propamocarb hydrochloride, SC), 217 g/kg (MCPA-dimethylammonium, aqueous solution [AS]), 34 g/kg (glyphosate, AS), 575 g/kg (beta-cypermethrin and malathion, emulsifiable concentrate [EC]), and 122 g/kg (copper abietate, emulsion in water [EW]), depending on the pesticide formulation components and formulation types. The orchard insecticide exhibited the highest emission factors among all pesticides owing to its emulsifiable concentrate formulation and 80% content of inactive ingredients (both factors contribute to the high content of organic solvents in the pesticide). The major components of VOC emissions from pesticide spraying were halocarbons (27–44%), oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) (25–38%), and aromatic hydrocarbons (15–28%). The total VOC emissions from pesticide spraying in the Changchun region accounted for 10.6 t, with Yushu City contributing 28% of the VOC emissions and Gongzhuling City and Dehui City contributing 18.7% and 16.0%, respectively. Herbicides were the main contributors to VOC emissions because of their high emission factors and extensive use in fields (used for spraying maize and rice, the main crops in Changchun City). May and June exhibited the highest VOC emissions from pesticide application, with May accounting for 57.0% of annual pesticide emissions, predominantly from herbicides (95.1%), followed by insecticides (4.9%). June accounted for 30.1% of the annual pesticide emissions, with herbicides being the largest contributor of VOC emissions. An emission inventory of VOC with a monthly scale and spatial grid resolutions of 0.083° and 0.5° in 2023 was developed. These emission factors and inventories of pesticide applications provide valuable information for air quality modeling. This study also provides an important scientific basis for enhancing regional air quality and mitigating the environmental impact of pesticide use in major grain-producing areas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring, Modelling and Management of Agricultural Air Pollutants and Greenhouse Gases)
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21 pages, 1309 KiB  
Article
The Residue Chemistry Transformation Linked to the Fungi Keystone Taxa during Different Residue Tissues Incorporation into Mollisols in Northeast China
by Qilin Zhang, Xiujun Li, Guoshuang Chen, Nana Luo, Jing Sun, Ezemaduka Anastasia Ngozi and Xinrui Lu
Agriculture 2024, 14(6), 792; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14060792 - 21 May 2024
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Abstract
Managing carbon input from crop straw in cropland ecosystems could increase soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration to achieve C neutrality and mitigate climate change. The complexity of the chemical structures of crop residue largely affects SOC sequestration. Fungi communities play an important role [...] Read more.
Managing carbon input from crop straw in cropland ecosystems could increase soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration to achieve C neutrality and mitigate climate change. The complexity of the chemical structures of crop residue largely affects SOC sequestration. Fungi communities play an important role in the degradation of crop residues. However, the relationship between the fungal community composition and the chemical structures of crop residues remains unclear and requires further investigation. Therefore, a 120-day incubation experiment was conducted in Mollisols in Northeast China to investigate the decomposition processes and dynamics of maize straw stem (ST), leaf (LE) and sheath (SH) residues using 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Additionally, the microbiomes associated with these residues were analyzed through high-throughput sequencing to explore their relationship. Our results showed that the alkyl C contents in all treatments exhibited increases ranging from 15.1% to 49.1%, while the O-alkyl C contents decreased, ranging from 0.02% to 11.2%, with the incubation time. The A/OA ratios of ST, LE and SH treatments were increased by 23.7%, 43.4% and 49.3% with incubation time, respectively. During the early stages of straw decomposition, Ascomycota dominated, and in the later stage, Basidiomycota were predominant. The class of Sordariomycetes played a key role in the chemistry transformation of straw tissues during decomposition. The keystone taxa abundances, Fusarium_kyushuense, and Striatibotrys_eucylindrospora, showed strong negative correlations with di-O-alkyl C and carbonyl-C content and positive correlations with the β-glucosidase and peroxidase enzyme activity, respectively. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that the keystone taxa play a significant role in regulating the chemical structures of straw tissues, providing a better understanding of the influence of residue quality on SOC sequestration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring, Modelling and Management of Agricultural Air Pollutants and Greenhouse Gases)
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Review

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25 pages, 1406 KiB  
Review
An Overview on Bioeconomy in Agricultural Sector, Biomass Production, Recycling Methods, and Circular Economy Considerations
by Ioana-Maria Toplicean and Adina-Daniela Datcu
Agriculture 2024, 14(7), 1143; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14071143 - 15 Jul 2024
Viewed by 390
Abstract
This review examines the essential components of a circular economy (CE) in relation to the agricultural sector. The bioeconomy and circular economy are crucial for sustainable global industrial growth, focusing on closed-loop systems. The sustainability debate centers on intergenerational equity and natural capital. [...] Read more.
This review examines the essential components of a circular economy (CE) in relation to the agricultural sector. The bioeconomy and circular economy are crucial for sustainable global industrial growth, focusing on closed-loop systems. The sustainability debate centers on intergenerational equity and natural capital. The CE requires new environmental technologies and global coordination in order to combat climate change and biodiversity loss. In addition, efficient food production and waste reduction are essential due to population growth. However, biomass is vital for a bio-based economy, impacting food waste and climate change. Grasslands support sustainable dairy production and carbon sequestration. Thus, effective waste and wastewater management are critical, with biomass energy providing renewable alternatives. Nonetheless, biofuels remain key for sustainability, focusing on pollution control and Green Chemistry. It is well known that sustainable transportation relies on bioenergy, with ongoing research improving processes and discovering new fuels. One notable challenge is managing heavy metals in biofuel production, and this underscores the need for eco-friendly energy solutions. The main purpose for this review paper is to create a connection between circular economy aspects and the agricultural system, with focus on the following: bioeconomy research, biomass utilities, and biofuel production. Extensive research was performed on the specialized literature by putting in common the main problems. Key subjects in this paper include the use of biomass in agriculture, the problems of plastic recycling, and the function of the CE in mitigating climate change and biodiversity loss. Efficient food production and waste minimization are highlighted due to their relevance in a growing population. The study’s detailed research and discussion aim to give important insights into how these practices might promote economic development and sustainability. Furthermore, the study covers important waste management issues such as food waste, plant composting, and chemical waste neutralization. These topics are critical to understanding the circular economy’s broader implications for minimizing environmental damage and implementing sustainable waste management strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring, Modelling and Management of Agricultural Air Pollutants and Greenhouse Gases)
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