Effects of Ageing on Surface Properties of Biochar and Bioavailability of Heavy Metals in Soil
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Soil and Biochar
2.2. Biochar Ageing
2.3. Biochar Characterization
2.3.1. The Separation of Biochar
2.3.2. pH
2.3.3. Elemental Analysis
2.3.4. Specific Surface Area
2.3.5. Surface Functional Groups
2.3.6. Surface Morphology
2.4. Heavy Metal Fractionation and Quality Control
3. Results
3.1. Variations in the pH Value, Elemental Composition, and Specific Surface Area of Biochar
3.2. Variations in the Surface Functional Groups of Biochar
3.3. Variations in the Surface Morphology of Biochar
3.4. The Effect of Biochar Ageing on the Stability of Heavy Metals in Soil
4. Discussion
4.1. Changes in Surface Functional Groups during the Ageing of Biochar and the Effects on Heavy Metal Bioavailability
4.2. The Effects of Ageing on the Physical Structure of Biochar and Its Heavy Metal Adsorption Capacity
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Soil Type | Organic Matter g/kg | pH | Cation Exchange Capacity cmol/kg | Composition of Soil Particle Size % | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2~0.02 mm | 0.02~0.002 mm | <0.002 mm | ||||
mollisols | 27.65 | 6.26 | 29.56 | 36.74 | 25.96 | 34.28 |
Elements | Nitrogen (N)% | Carbon (C)% | Hydrogen (H)% | Oxygen (O)% | H/C | O/C | (N+O)/C | pH | Specific Surface Area m2/g |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Biochar | 1.28 | 56.39 | 2.26 | 40.07 | 0.040 | 0.71 | 0.73 | 9.91 | 11.05 |
Treatments | N% | C% | H% | O% | H/C | O/C | (N+O)/C | pH |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 1.28 | 56.39 | 2.26 | 40.07 | 0.040 | 0.71 | 0.73 | 9.91 |
CDWs | 1.12 | 47.70 | 2.01 | 49.17 | 0.042 | 1.03 | 1.05 | 4.92 |
CFTs | 1.37 | 48.74 | 2.17 | 47.72 | 0.045 | 0.98 | 1.01 | 4.99 |
NT | 1.46 | 53.75 | 2.33 | 42.46 | 0.043 | 0.79 | 0.82 | 9.13 |
Treatments | Specific Surface Area (m2/g) | Pore Volume (cm3/g) | Pore Size (nm) |
---|---|---|---|
CK | 11.101 | 0.024 | 1.854 |
CDWs | 16.715 | 0.036 | 1.654 |
CFTs | 17.541 | 0.037 | 1.653 |
NT | 11.991 | 0.030 | 1.854 |
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Cui, Z.; Wang, Y.; Wang, N.; Ma, F.; Yuan, Y. Effects of Ageing on Surface Properties of Biochar and Bioavailability of Heavy Metals in Soil. Agriculture 2024, 14, 1631. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14091631
Cui Z, Wang Y, Wang N, Ma F, Yuan Y. Effects of Ageing on Surface Properties of Biochar and Bioavailability of Heavy Metals in Soil. Agriculture. 2024; 14(9):1631. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14091631
Chicago/Turabian StyleCui, Zhengwu, Yang Wang, Nan Wang, Fangfang Ma, and Yuyu Yuan. 2024. "Effects of Ageing on Surface Properties of Biochar and Bioavailability of Heavy Metals in Soil" Agriculture 14, no. 9: 1631. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14091631