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Antibiotics
Volume 14
Issue 3
10.3390/antibiotics14030257
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Article

Efficacy of Three Kayviruses Against Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from COVID-19 Patients

by
Lidia Piechowicz
1,*,
Katarzyna Kosznik-Kwaśnicka
1,*,
Natalia Kaźmierczak
1,
Milena Grzenkowicz
1,2,
Małgorzata Stasiłojć
3,
Agnieszka Necel
1,
Olesia Werbowy
2 and
Anna Pałubicka
4
1
Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębowa 25, 80-204 Gdansk, Poland
2
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
3
Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
4
Specialist Hospital in Kościerzyna Sp. z o.o., Department of Laboratory and Microbiological Diagnostics, Kościerzyna, Alojzego Piechowskiego 36, 83-400 Koscierzyna, Poland
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Antibiotics 2025, 14(3), 257; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14030257
Submission received: 5 February 2025 / Revised: 21 February 2025 / Accepted: 1 March 2025 / Published: 3 March 2025
(This article belongs to the Collection Staphylococcus— Molecular Pathogenesis, Virulence Regulation and Antibiotics Resistance)
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Abstract

Background/Objectives: The viral pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has affected millions of people. However, it was noticed that high mortality was often a result of bacterial co-infections. One of the main pathogens responsible for secondary infections in patients with viral respiratory tract infections, including COVID-19, is Staphylococcus aureus. In recent years, the number of infections caused by drug-resistant strains of S. aureus has been growing rapidly, often exceeding the number of infections caused by antibiotic-sensitive strains. In addition, biofilm-related infections are more difficult to treat due to the lower sensitivity of biofilm structure to antibiotics. Bacteriophages are seen as alternative treatment of bacterial infections. Therefore, in our work, we have analyzed the efficacy of three Kayviruses against S. aureus strains isolated from COVID-19 patients. Methods: We analyzed the ability of tested phages to remove S. aureus biofilm both from polystyrene plates as well as from the surface of pulmonary epithelial cells. Results: We have observed that tested Kayviruses had a broad host range. Furthermore, phages were able to effectively reduce biofilm biomass and number of viable cells in pure culture. During our research, none of the tested phages was shown to have a negative effect on cell viability and were able to inhibit the negative effect S. aureus had on cell condition. Conclusions: Our results show tested phages were effective in reducing the biofilm of S. aureus strains isolated from COVID-19 patients, had no adverse effect on lung epithelial cell viability. Therefore, it should be recognized that the properties of three studied Kayviruses give them an advantage in the selection of phages for treatment of staphylococcal infections.
Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus; COVID-19; bacteriophages; phage therapy Staphylococcus aureus; COVID-19; bacteriophages; phage therapy

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MDPI and ACS Style

Piechowicz, L.; Kosznik-Kwaśnicka, K.; Kaźmierczak, N.; Grzenkowicz, M.; Stasiłojć, M.; Necel, A.; Werbowy, O.; Pałubicka, A. Efficacy of Three Kayviruses Against Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from COVID-19 Patients. Antibiotics 2025, 14, 257. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14030257

AMA Style

Piechowicz L, Kosznik-Kwaśnicka K, Kaźmierczak N, Grzenkowicz M, Stasiłojć M, Necel A, Werbowy O, Pałubicka A. Efficacy of Three Kayviruses Against Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from COVID-19 Patients. Antibiotics. 2025; 14(3):257. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14030257

Chicago/Turabian Style

Piechowicz, Lidia, Katarzyna Kosznik-Kwaśnicka, Natalia Kaźmierczak, Milena Grzenkowicz, Małgorzata Stasiłojć, Agnieszka Necel, Olesia Werbowy, and Anna Pałubicka. 2025. "Efficacy of Three Kayviruses Against Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from COVID-19 Patients" Antibiotics 14, no. 3: 257. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14030257

APA Style

Piechowicz, L., Kosznik-Kwaśnicka, K., Kaźmierczak, N., Grzenkowicz, M., Stasiłojć, M., Necel, A., Werbowy, O., & Pałubicka, A. (2025). Efficacy of Three Kayviruses Against Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from COVID-19 Patients. Antibiotics, 14(3), 257. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14030257

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