Nano- and Micro-Scale Impact Testing of Hard Coatings: A Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Nano-Impact—Experimental Setup, Test Basics and Test Metrics
3. Comparison between Nano-, Micro- and Macro-Scale Impact Tests
4. Impact Fatigue Mechanisms
5. Coating Systems
5.1. Ultra-Thin Hard Carbon Films on Silicon—Influence of Probe Geometry
5.2. DLC on Hardened Tool Steel
5.3. Nitrides on WC-Co
6. Substrate Effects
7. Load Carrying Capacity, H3/E2
8. Erosion Simulation
9. Modelling Nano- and Micro-Impact
10. Elevated Temperature Impact Testing
11. Outlook/Conclusions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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- | Nano-Impact | Micro-Impact | Macro-Impact |
---|---|---|---|
Depth sensing | Y | Y | N |
Accurate time-to-failure recorded | Y | Y | N |
Test duration | 1–60 min (2) | 1–60 min (2) | Extended duration |
Number of impact cycles | 15–450 | 15–900 | 102–106 |
Test probe material | Diamond | Diamond | WC-Co, hardened steel, Si3N4 |
Test probe radius, R | ≈50 nm | 5–100 µm | 1–3 mm |
t/R | ≈10 | ≈0.1 | ≈0.001 |
Sensitivity to coating mechanical properties | High | High | may be low |
Sensitivity to adhesion | Medium | High | may be low |
Automatic scheduling of multiple tests/tests on multiple samples | Y | Y | N |
Applied load (N) | 0.001–0.2 | 0.1–5 | >>100 |
Accelerating distance (μm) | 10–15 | 10–60 | can remain in contact |
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Beake, B.D. Nano- and Micro-Scale Impact Testing of Hard Coatings: A Review. Coatings 2022, 12, 793. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12060793
Beake BD. Nano- and Micro-Scale Impact Testing of Hard Coatings: A Review. Coatings. 2022; 12(6):793. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12060793
Chicago/Turabian StyleBeake, Ben D. 2022. "Nano- and Micro-Scale Impact Testing of Hard Coatings: A Review" Coatings 12, no. 6: 793. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12060793