Analysis of Blackening Reaction of Zn-Mg-Al Alloy-Coated Steel Prepared by Water Vapor Treatment

Kim, Sang-Hee; Kang, You-Jin; Lee, Kyung-Hwang; Kang, Jun; Lee, Myeong-Hoon; Yun, Yong-Sup

doi:10.3390/coatings14010093

Open AccessArticle

Analysis of Blackening Reaction of Zn-Mg-Al Alloy-Coated Steel Prepared by Water Vapor Treatment

by

Sang-Hee Kim

¹,

You-Jin Kang

²,

Kyung-Hwang Lee

³,

Jun Kang

⁴

,

Myeong-Hoon Lee

⁴ and

Yong-Sup Yun

^1,*

¹

Department of Coast Guard Studies, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea

²

Department of Maritime Safety, Korea Maritime Transportation Safety Authority, Sejong 30100, Republic of Korea

³

Steel Solution R&D Center, POSCO, Incheon 21985, Republic of Korea

⁴

Department of Marine Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Coatings 2024, 14(1), 93; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14010093

Submission received: 8 December 2023 / Revised: 5 January 2024 / Accepted: 8 January 2024 / Published: 10 January 2024

(This article belongs to the Section Surface Characterization, Deposition and Modification)

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Abstract

In the context of high-temperature water vapor treatment, Zn-Mg-Al alloy-coated steel sheets exhibit the emergence of a black surface. This study aims to explore the factors and mechanisms contributing to surface blackening by inducing black surfaces on Zn-Mg-Al alloy-coated steel sheets, which were fabricated through molten coating subjected to water vapor treatment at 150 degrees Celsius. The surface composition was predominantly identified as zinc oxide (ZnO) film validated through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Morphological analysis of the surface and cross-section post-water vapor treatment revealed a disrupted lamellar structure with diffused features, resulting from the formation of an oxide film. Optical properties analysis demonstrated an increased absorbance and a decreased bandgap energy after water vapor treatment, which is indicative of an augmented blackening effect. Consequently, the high-temperature water vapor treatment led to the formation of oxides on the surface with the highly reactive Mg and Al extracting oxygen from the predominantly present ZnO surface. This process resulted in the creation of an oxygen-deficient oxide, ultimately causing surface blackening.

Keywords: ZnO; ZnO_1−x; oxidation; oxygen-deficient oxide; optical bandgap energy

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MDPI and ACS Style

Kim, S.-H.; Kang, Y.-J.; Lee, K.-H.; Kang, J.; Lee, M.-H.; Yun, Y.-S. Analysis of Blackening Reaction of Zn-Mg-Al Alloy-Coated Steel Prepared by Water Vapor Treatment. Coatings 2024, 14, 93. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14010093

AMA Style

Kim S-H, Kang Y-J, Lee K-H, Kang J, Lee M-H, Yun Y-S. Analysis of Blackening Reaction of Zn-Mg-Al Alloy-Coated Steel Prepared by Water Vapor Treatment. Coatings. 2024; 14(1):93. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14010093

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kim, Sang-Hee, You-Jin Kang, Kyung-Hwang Lee, Jun Kang, Myeong-Hoon Lee, and Yong-Sup Yun. 2024. "Analysis of Blackening Reaction of Zn-Mg-Al Alloy-Coated Steel Prepared by Water Vapor Treatment" Coatings 14, no. 1: 93. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14010093

APA Style

Kim, S.-H., Kang, Y.-J., Lee, K.-H., Kang, J., Lee, M.-H., & Yun, Y.-S. (2024). Analysis of Blackening Reaction of Zn-Mg-Al Alloy-Coated Steel Prepared by Water Vapor Treatment. Coatings, 14(1), 93. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14010093

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Analysis of Blackening Reaction of Zn-Mg-Al Alloy-Coated Steel Prepared by Water Vapor Treatment

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