On the Positive Role of Noise and Error in Complex Systems
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Three Examples from Different Realms
2.1. Adaptation and Evolution through Affordances
2.2. Adaptation of Robots Controlled by Noisy Sensors
2.3. Improvisation in Music
2.4. A General Mechanism
- i.
- The system’s behavior is determined by . The space of possible variations and extensions of is, in principle, “unprestatable” [31].
- ii.
- A perturbation in the form of noise or error takes place.
- iii.
- A process for revising or extending is triggered. The adjacent possible of the system depends on the perturbation received, the goals, and the repertoire of actions.
- iv.
- A new configuration is seized.
3. Positive Effects of Noise and Error as Well as Conditions Enabling Them
3.1. Multilevel Organization
3.2. Redundancy
3.3. Incompleteness
3.4. Criticality
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Roli, A.; Braccini, M.; Stano, P. On the Positive Role of Noise and Error in Complex Systems. Systems 2024, 12, 338. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12090338
Roli A, Braccini M, Stano P. On the Positive Role of Noise and Error in Complex Systems. Systems. 2024; 12(9):338. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12090338
Chicago/Turabian StyleRoli, Andrea, Michele Braccini, and Pasquale Stano. 2024. "On the Positive Role of Noise and Error in Complex Systems" Systems 12, no. 9: 338. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12090338