Systems

25 pages, 8860 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Architecture Design Space Generation via Decision Pattern-Guided Department of Defense Architecture Framework Modeling

by Zhemei Fang, Xuemeng Zhao and Fengyun Li

Systems 2024, 12(9), 336; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12090336 (registering DOI) - 31 Aug 2024

The importance of architecture design keeps increasing as the complexity of systems and system-of-systems (SoSs) continues rising. While the architecture frameworks such as the Department of Defense Architecture Framework (DoDAF) are commonly used to guide architecture design, many perspectives are still hindering their [...] Read more.

The importance of architecture design keeps increasing as the complexity of systems and system-of-systems (SoSs) continues rising. While the architecture frameworks such as the Department of Defense Architecture Framework (DoDAF) are commonly used to guide architecture design, many perspectives are still hindering their effective use. Instead of generating a set of architecture description models probably only for satisfying the milestone review, the architecture frameworks should be used to organize the vague or incomplete information, identify and formulate the decision-making problem, and guide the architecture decision-making. Unfortunately, the decision points are hidden in the architecture models and the ambiguity often leads to a confusion of whether the architecture models are built incorrectly due to the lack of modeling experience or the lack of adequate decision analysis. Therefore, this paper identifies the key decision points and decision types during the architecture model development based on the DoDAF. Plus, this paper proposes a set of decision patterns and a guide to their use to provide qualitative decision analysis for developing architecture models and generating alternatives. An illustrative example to anti-submarine SoSs demonstrates the process of applying the decision patterns to the DoDAF model’s development and the generated architecture alternatives. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Decision Making with Model-Based Systems Engineering)

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25 pages, 2103 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Investigation into Lean Implementation Preparedness in the Engineering Projects Sector

by Uzayr Karimulla, Kapil Gupta and Daramy Vandi Von Kallon

Systems 2024, 12(9), 335; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12090335 (registering DOI) - 31 Aug 2024

Viewed by 105

Abstract

Lean methodologies, a system widely used in the manufacturing industry, have demonstrated numerous benefits and added significant value to the industry. In the same way that other industries have benefitted from the application of Lean techniques, the engineering projects sector can also realise [...] Read more.

Lean methodologies, a system widely used in the manufacturing industry, have demonstrated numerous benefits and added significant value to the industry. In the same way that other industries have benefitted from the application of Lean techniques, the engineering projects sector can also realise significant improvements by integrating Lean principles into its processes and operations. The study aims to gain a comprehensive insight into the application of the Lean concept, with a focus on the South African engineering projects sector. The findings of a thorough literature review, focussing on Lean techniques, technology, and the projects sector, examined key variables that have an impact on the effective implementation of Lean methodologies within this industry. The variables studied are skills and expertise, active work methods, and leadership style. The study also explores the impact of digital technologies on Lean implementation, exploring how these technologies enhance the integration of Lean practices. The study includes descriptive statistical analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and a confirmatory factor analysis of the data. A significant relationship is found between variables influencing Lean implementation and the effectiveness of Lean practices within the South African engineering projects sector. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lean Manufacturing in Industry 4.0)

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26 pages, 1081 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Can Digital Transformation Restrain Corporate ESG Greenwashing—A Test Based on Internal and External Joint Perspectives

by Shiwei Xu, Siyuan Zhang, Yilei Ren, Qijun Jiang and Dan Wu

Systems 2024, 12(9), 334; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12090334 (registering DOI) - 30 Aug 2024

Viewed by 244

Abstract

Digital technology has the function of information governance, and digital transformation of enterprises may be the key way to identify and restrain ESG greenwashing. Based on the theory of digital empowerment, this study analyzes the influence and mechanism of digital transformation on restraining [...] Read more.

Digital technology has the function of information governance, and digital transformation of enterprises may be the key way to identify and restrain ESG greenwashing. Based on the theory of digital empowerment, this study analyzes the influence and mechanism of digital transformation on restraining corporate green washing behavior from the perspective of internal and external factors. This study takes A-share listed companies in 2012–2022 as research samples and tests the effectiveness of digital transformation. Research has found that (1) digital transformation can significantly suppress corporate greenwashing behavior, and this conclusion still holds after a series of endogeneity and robustness tests. (2) In the context of high environmental awareness among executives, the inhibitory effect of digital transformation on corporate ESG greenwashing is more pronounced. (3) Mechanism analysis shows that digital transformation has inhibited the company’s greenwashing behavior by increasing the attention of investors. (4) Heterogeneity analysis shows that in state-owned enterprises, non-heavily polluting industries, high-tech industries, and enterprises located in the eastern region digital transformation has a more effective inhibitory effect on corporate greenwashing behavior. This study examines the impact of digital transformation on corporate ESG greenwashing, expands the research on the non-economic effects of digital transformation, and may provide empirical evidence for improving the quality of ESG information disclosure and sustainable development of enterprises. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Digital Transformation and Processes Innovation)

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24 pages, 4033 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A New Stochastic Petri Net Modeling Approach for the Evolution of Online Public Opinion on Emergencies: Based on Four Real-Life Cases

by Chen Guo and Yinghua Song

Systems 2024, 12(9), 333; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12090333 - 29 Aug 2024

Viewed by 298

Abstract

In this study, we analyzed the evolution of online public opinion on emergencies using a new Stochastic Petri Net modeling approach. First, an intuitive description of the emergency online public opinion development process was conceptualized from the life cycle evolution law perspective. Then, [...] Read more.

In this study, we analyzed the evolution of online public opinion on emergencies using a new Stochastic Petri Net modeling approach. First, an intuitive description of the emergency online public opinion development process was conceptualized from the life cycle evolution law perspective. Then, based on Petri net theory, a Stochastic Petri Net isomorphic Markov chain model was constructed to simulate the evolution of online public opinion on emergencies. Finally, four real-life cases were selected to validate and analyze the model, demonstrating that the evolutionary leaps, complexity, critical nodes, evolutionary rate, and execution time differ across different online public opinions on emergencies. The study results indicate that this modeling approach has certain advantages in examining the evolution based on multi-factor coupling and quantifying the evolution law in online public opinion on emergencies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advanced Systems Engineering: Theory and Applications, 2nd Volume)

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19 pages, 1109 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Unlocking Potential: Key Factors Shaping Undergraduate Self-Directed Learning in AI-Enhanced Educational Environments

by Di Wu, Shuling Zhang, Zhiyuan Ma, Xiao-Guang Yue and Rebecca Kechen Dong

Systems 2024, 12(9), 332; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12090332 - 29 Aug 2024

Viewed by 635

Abstract

This study investigates the factors influencing undergraduate students’ self-directed learning (SDL) abilities in generative Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven interactive learning environments. The advent of generative AI has revolutionized interactive learning environments, offering unprecedented opportunities for personalized and adaptive education. Generative AI supports teachers in [...] Read more.

This study investigates the factors influencing undergraduate students’ self-directed learning (SDL) abilities in generative Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven interactive learning environments. The advent of generative AI has revolutionized interactive learning environments, offering unprecedented opportunities for personalized and adaptive education. Generative AI supports teachers in delivering smart education, enhancing students’ acceptance of technology, and providing personalized, adaptive learning experiences. Nevertheless, the application of generative AI in higher education is underexplored. This study explores how these AI-driven platforms impact undergraduate students’ self-directed learning (SDL) abilities, focusing on the key factors of teacher support, learning strategies, and technology acceptance. Through a quantitative approach involving surveys of 306 undergraduates, we identified the key factors of motivation, technological familiarity, and the quality of AI interaction. The findings reveal the mediating roles of self-efficacy and learning motivation. Also, the findings confirmed that improvements in teacher support and learning strategies within generative AI-enhanced learning environments contribute to increasing students’ self-efficacy, technology acceptance, and learning motivation. This study contributes to uncovering the influencing factors that can inform the design of more effective educational technologies and strategies to enhance student autonomy and learning outcomes. Our theoretical model and research findings deepen the understanding of applying generative AI in higher education while offering important research contributions and managerial implications. Full article

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36 pages, 1119 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Determinants and Outcomes of Green Technology Innovation Adoption among Third-Party Logistics Firms in China: A SEM-ANN Analysis

by Shu Liu, Ramayah Thurasamy and Sri Rahayu Hijrah Hati

Systems 2024, 12(9), 331; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12090331 - 28 Aug 2024

Viewed by 746

Abstract

Although the adoption of green innovation has been explored in various contexts, there is still a lack of research on the determinants of green technology innovation adoption (GTIA) in the third-party logistics (3PL) industry of emerging economies and the resulting economic, environmental, operational, [...] Read more.

Although the adoption of green innovation has been explored in various contexts, there is still a lack of research on the determinants of green technology innovation adoption (GTIA) in the third-party logistics (3PL) industry of emerging economies and the resulting economic, environmental, operational, and intangible outcomes. This study aims to investigate the influence of different determinants of technological, organizational, and environmental factors in the TOE-DOI framework on the adoption of green technology innovation, as well as the outcomes of such adoption. The study utilizes sample data from 544 Chinese 3PL firms and employs two-stage structural equation modeling and artificial neural network analysis. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) explains 85.4% of the variance in green technology innovation adoption, 21% in environmental outcomes, 18.5% in economic outcomes, 20.8% in operational outcomes, and 22.3% in intangible outcomes. The artificial neural network (ANN) model ranks the standardized importance of each predictive variable. The results indicate that institutional pressure is the most significant determinant of GTIA. Additionally, 3PL firms should consider the positive impact of green supplier integration and relative advantage. Complexity does not have a positive impact on GTIA. The longer a company has been established, the more experience and resources it accumulates, and the more opportunities it has to adopt green technology innovation. This study contributes to the existing research on emerging economies and other regions. Furthermore, this is the first study to successfully validate the nonlinear relationship within the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework and diffusion of innovation (DOI) theory, namely the TOE-DOI framework. The research findings further enhance the current understanding of green technology innovation adoption and its impact. This study provides valuable insights for managers and policymakers in the 3PL industry to achieve various effects, such as environmental, economic, operational, and intangible outcomes. Full article

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21 pages, 874 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Artificial Intelligence and the Great Reset: Impacts and Perspectives for Italian SMEs Business Model Innovation

by Valerio Muto, Simone Luongo, Martina Percuoco and Mario Tani

Systems 2024, 12(9), 330; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12090330 - 28 Aug 2024

Viewed by 309

Abstract

The rise of artificial intelligence is fundamentally transforming the competitive landscape across various sectors, offering visionary enterprises new pathways to innovation development and to get a competitive edge. AI leverages data, analysis, and observations to perform tasks without hard coding, and benefits from [...] Read more.

The rise of artificial intelligence is fundamentally transforming the competitive landscape across various sectors, offering visionary enterprises new pathways to innovation development and to get a competitive edge. AI leverages data, analysis, and observations to perform tasks without hard coding, and benefits from self-learning and continuous improvement. We use Systems Thinking to frame how managers may adopt and integrate AI in business activities. We also investigate the motivations driving entrepreneurs to adopt AI solutions, and how they may impact on sustainable business model innovation, by administering a questionnaire to a sample of innovative Italian SMEs to get a comprehensive overview of the dynamics influencing AI adoption in business. This study sheds light on the intricate relationship between technology, sustainability, and corporate innovation. It offers both valuable insights for future research and for strategic managerial decisions on AI integration. Furthermore, it helps the development of innovative, sustainable business models in the evolving landscape of the Great Reset. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cybernetics and Systems Theory at the Time of Great Reset)

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16 pages, 1017 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Systematic Approach to Academic Teamwork as Basis of Effective Cooperation

by Martin Holubčík, Jakub Soviar and Miroslav Rechtorík

Systems 2024, 12(9), 329; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12090329 - 27 Aug 2024

Viewed by 344

Abstract

A systematic approach to teamwork is important for clarifying the behavior of actors in a cooperative environment. The cooperative game as system steps is most often shown in teamwork. The aim of this article is to present the results of this research, in [...] Read more.

A systematic approach to teamwork is important for clarifying the behavior of actors in a cooperative environment. The cooperative game as system steps is most often shown in teamwork. The aim of this article is to present the results of this research, in which two rounds of an experiment were carried out and then an interview was held to clarify the results. We pointed out academic teamwork. This article focuses on the research of team cooperation under specified conditions of an experiment on students, which were divided into organized and unorganized teams and assigned two different tasks. Within this research, team cooperation, quality of team results, and conflicts in teams were observed. Detailed results are presented in this article. The results of this research mainly present the different quality of team outputs, which is caused by the different abilities of the members of individual groups and not by the different form of team formation. The main result is also that knowledge and training on how to work together in a team had a positive impact on team results. From a managerial point of view, we see room for establishing an exact strategic procedure in the form of cooperation moves for a positive result of team cooperation in the business environment we are presenting. Full article

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24 pages, 4308 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evolutionary Game-Based New Energy Vehicle Supply Chain Strategies That Consider Carbon Reduction and Consumers’ Low-Carbon Preferences

by Yuanda Xu, Lian Han, Xing Li, Wenxing Zhu and Haiping Ren

Systems 2024, 12(9), 328; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12090328 - 27 Aug 2024

Viewed by 339

Abstract

The rapid development of the new energy industry has intensified the competition among companies. Finding solutions to achieve technological innovation, carbon reduction, and to earn consumers’ confidence has become a pressing challenge. In this research, we aim to develop a four-party evolutionary game [...] Read more.

The rapid development of the new energy industry has intensified the competition among companies. Finding solutions to achieve technological innovation, carbon reduction, and to earn consumers’ confidence has become a pressing challenge. In this research, we aim to develop a four-party evolutionary game model involving government, manufacturers, dealers, and consumers to examine the strategic decisions made by these parties in order to accomplish carbon emission reduction goals. We will perform numerical simulations to analyze the strategic choices of each party and the relevant influencing factors. The results suggest the following: (1) The tax hike on traditional car production is less than the innovation expenses for new energy vehicles, leading manufacturers to lean towards manufacturing traditional vehicles. (2) The rise in taxes resulting from the manufacture of conventional vehicles will influence manufacturers’ strategic decisions, whereas the expenses related to technological advancements will have a more significant effect on manufacturers’ strategic choices. (3) Compared to dealers, manufacturers’ strategic choices are more significantly influenced by consumers’ awareness of low-carbon preferences. (4) In the early stages of technological innovation, the government typically offers incentive subsidies to manufacturers to boost technological innovation activities. Whereas, in the later stages of technological innovation, the government usually provides direct subsidies to consumers to encourage the market acceptance and widespread use of innovative products. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management and Simulation of Digitalized Smart Manufacturing Systems)

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15 pages, 2590 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Improving Transfer Connectivity in Railway Timetables Based on Closeness Centrality: The Case of the European International Network

by Laura Calzada-Infante, Belarmino Adenso-Díaz and Santiago García Carbajal

Systems 2024, 12(9), 327; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12090327 - 26 Aug 2024

Viewed by 438

Abstract

Could the connectivity of a global railway network increase through small changes in the timetable services? When designing railway schedules, transfer connections to intermediate stations may not be the primary focus considered. However, they may have an important influence on connectivity. In this [...] Read more.

Could the connectivity of a global railway network increase through small changes in the timetable services? When designing railway schedules, transfer connections to intermediate stations may not be the primary focus considered. However, they may have an important influence on connectivity. In this paper, we study the potential improvement in connections by introducing small changes to the current schedules, using real timetables from all international railway services in Europe. The modelling was completed using the Complex Networks methodology and performance was measured based on total closeness centrality. Various factors are considered to calibrate the necessary amendments to provide a better traveller service, including connection times at stations and different allowed levels of schedule changes. The results indicate that by changing the schedule of only 1% of the services by at most 10 min, the connectivity improvement is remarkable. Railway companies should consider this result in order to expand the potential use of the international railway service at a time when public transportation must be encouraged. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Data-Driven Decision Making for Complex Systems)

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25 pages, 4272 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Why Is Reducing the Dead Zone in the Gulf of Mexico Such a Complex Goal? Understanding the Structure That Drives Hypoxic Zone Formation via System Dynamics

by Luis Mier-Valderrama, Jorge Ledezma, Karl Gibson, Ambrose Anoruo and Benjamin Turner

Systems 2024, 12(9), 326; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12090326 - 26 Aug 2024

Viewed by 451

Abstract

The Northern Gulf of Mexico hosts a severe dead zone, an oxygen-depleted area spanning 1,618,000 hectares, threatening over 40% of the U.S. fishing industry and causing annual losses of USD 82 million. Using a System Dynamics (SD) approach, this study examined the Mississippi–Atchafalaya [...] Read more.

The Northern Gulf of Mexico hosts a severe dead zone, an oxygen-depleted area spanning 1,618,000 hectares, threatening over 40% of the U.S. fishing industry and causing annual losses of USD 82 million. Using a System Dynamics (SD) approach, this study examined the Mississippi–Atchafalaya River Basin (MARB), a major contributor to hypoxia in the Gulf. A dynamic model, developed with Vensim software version 10.2.1 andexisting data, represented the physical, biological, and chemical processes leading to eutrophication and simulated dead zone formation over time. Various policies were assessed, considering natural system variability. The findings showed that focusing solely on nitrogen control reduced the dead zone but required greater intensity or managing other inputs to meet environmental goals. Runoff control policies delayed nutrient discharge but did not significantly alter long-term outcomes. Extreme condition tests highlighted the critical role of runoff dynamics, dependent on nitrogen load relative to flow volume from upstream. The model suggests interventions should not just reduce eutrophication inputs but enhance factors slowing down the process, allowing natural denitrification to override anthropogenic nitrification. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applying Systems Thinking to Enhance Ecosystem Services)

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16 pages, 1699 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enhanced Medical Education for Physically Disabled People through Integration of IoT and Digital Twin Technologies

by Abhishek Kumar, Abdul Khader Jilani Saudagar and Muhammad Badruddin Khan

Systems 2024, 12(9), 325; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12090325 - 26 Aug 2024

Viewed by 804

Abstract

This research presents an innovative approach to revolutionize IoT service development in medical education, specifically designed to empower individuals with physical disabilities. By integrating digital twin technology, we offer dynamic virtual representations of tangible assets, facilitating real-time simulation, monitoring, and feedback. A unique [...] Read more.

This research presents an innovative approach to revolutionize IoT service development in medical education, specifically designed to empower individuals with physical disabilities. By integrating digital twin technology, we offer dynamic virtual representations of tangible assets, facilitating real-time simulation, monitoring, and feedback. A unique visual response algorithm has been developed to enhance the processing of visual vector data, resulting in a more efficient IoT service development process. Our method demonstrates superior performance over traditional techniques, particularly in achieving higher intrinsic variable merging values, which is critical for accurate and accessible visualization. The practical applications of this technology are highlighted through case studies that demonstrate how physically disabled students can benefit from interactive and immersive educational experiences. For instance, students can engage with the digital twins of medical equipment, allowing them to practice procedures and gain hands-on experience in a virtual environment without physical barriers. This approach not only improves accessibility but also personalizes learning experiences, adapting to the unique needs of each student. The research underscores the importance of inclusive design in developing IoT services, ensuring higher inclusivity rates and addressing diverse learning patterns. The findings suggest that the integration of IoT and digital twin technologies can significantly enhance medical education, making it more accessible, effective, and inclusive for physically disabled individuals. This study lays the groundwork for future advancements in this field, highlighting the potential for ongoing technological innovations to further transform medical education. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Modeling and Analytics of Health and Healthcare Systems)

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15 pages, 1001 KiB

Open AccessReview

From Learning Ecologies to a Social Ecosystem Model for Learning and Skills

by Ken Spours

Systems 2024, 12(9), 324; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12090324 - 26 Aug 2024

Viewed by 432

Abstract

The growing relevance of socio-ecological systems (SESs) thinking reflects both the challenges of an anthropogenic poly crisis and attempts to understand the complexities of societal development in an era of globalisation. The article begins by suggesting there are two related variants of SES [...] Read more.

The growing relevance of socio-ecological systems (SESs) thinking reflects both the challenges of an anthropogenic poly crisis and attempts to understand the complexities of societal development in an era of globalisation. The article begins by suggesting there are two related variants of SES thinking; relationships between the natural and human worlds (Variant 1) and whole social and human system analysis using metaphorical transfer and theorisation of natural ecological principles (Variant 2). This article elaborates Variant 2 through the development a social ecosystem model (SEM) applied to post-compulsory education and skills development. An exploration of the SEM is conducted through a review of the literatures on ‘Learning Ecologies’ to assess the strengths and limitations of this human ecological approach. Perceived limitations are addressed by the development of the SEM that adds a political economy dimension to the learning ecological model, which is then applied to the field of learning and skills in the English context in support of an inclusive and place-based approach to vocational education and training (VET). The article concludes by suggesting that the SEM can be further expanded by its application to transitioning to more sustainable futures, being developed by scholars of indigenous communities and populations of the Global South, that arguably brings Variant 2 of SESs thinking closer to Variant 1. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Socio-Ecological Systems and Their Applications)

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22 pages, 2251 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Systemic View of the Role of Higher Educational Institutions in the Great Reset

by Mirjana Pejić Bach, Dalia Suša Vugec, Sarwar Khawaja, Fayyaz Hussain Qureshi and Dorian Fildor

Systems 2024, 12(9), 323; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12090323 - 25 Aug 2024

Viewed by 515

Abstract

The Great Reset is a concept proposed by the World Economic Forum to rebuild the global economy sustainably following the COVID-19 pandemic, emphasising stakeholder capitalism, greener practices, and more equitable social contracts. However, most of the literature focuses on the role of business [...] Read more.

The Great Reset is a concept proposed by the World Economic Forum to rebuild the global economy sustainably following the COVID-19 pandemic, emphasising stakeholder capitalism, greener practices, and more equitable social contracts. However, most of the literature focuses on the role of business and government actors in the Great Reset. At the same time, research that considers the role of higher education institutions (HEIs) is lacking. However, HEIs have the significant capacity to support various aspects of the Great Reset. In this work, we examine different mechanisms by which HEIs could bring change, such as fostering the growth of workforce skills, promoting entrepreneurship and innovation, participating in community development and others. A survey on a sample of university professors, postdoctoral researchers, and research assistants has been conducted with the goal of evaluating the degree to which HEIs have played a role in influencing economic recovery after COVID-19, leveraging the industry 4.0, enhancing regional development, revitalising global cooperation, formulating sustainable business models, restoring environmental well-being, and restructuring social contracts, skills, and employment opportunities. A two-step cluster analysis has been conducted, indicating that HEIs played different roles in the Great Reset process, being the Leaders, Followers and Laggers. We found a significant difference between the various groups of respondents according to their scientific field, position, and region regarding the perception of the role played by their HEIs in influencing economic recovery after COVID-19. The position of the respondents contributed to their perception of the role that their HEIs participated in the process of the Great Reset, with the assistant professors perceiving the most often that their HEIs are Leaders. Additionally, the scientific field and region of the HEI also impacted their role in the Great Reset, with the HEIs from technology and countries outside of Europe being the Leaders most often. On the other hand, Followers and Laggers were equally from social sciences and other fields and European countries. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cybernetics and Systems Theory at the Time of Great Reset)

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20 pages, 644 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring the Impact of Digital Transformation on Corporate Violations in China’s A-Share Market

by Qindong Chang, Can Kong and Shanyue Jin

Systems 2024, 12(9), 322; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12090322 - 25 Aug 2024

Viewed by 640

Abstract

Illegal and irregular behavior restricts the development of listed companies. Digital technology provides new opportunities for corporate governance, including the management of corporate violations, and companies are utilizing the “digital express” to achieve organizational restructuring and innovations in governance. In this study, the [...] Read more.

Illegal and irregular behavior restricts the development of listed companies. Digital technology provides new opportunities for corporate governance, including the management of corporate violations, and companies are utilizing the “digital express” to achieve organizational restructuring and innovations in governance. In this study, the aim was to clarify whether digital transformation can disincentivize corporate violations in an environment where legal constraints remain inadequate. Therefore, samples of China’s A-share-listed companies were used from 2013 to 2022, including a fixed-effects model to explore the impact of digital transformation on corporate violations. In this study, digital transformation is identified as significantly curbing the incidence of corporate violations. The moderating mechanism test shows that audit quality, analyst attention, and negative media reports all strengthen the inhibitory effect of digital transformation on corporate violations to varying degrees. Heterogeneity analysis identifies that the inhibitory effect of digital transformation on corporate violations is more pronounced in non-SOEs, large firms, and the manufacturing sector. In this study, the inhibitory effect of digital transformation on corporate violations is revealed, and the relevant literature on digital technology in the field of corporate governance is enriched, providing empirical references to promote the digital construction and healthy and compliant development of commercial enterprises. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Systems Analysis of Enterprise Sustainability)

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28 pages, 7699 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Patent Mining Approach to Accurately Identifying Innovative Industrial Clusters Based on the Multivariate DBSCAN Algorithm

by Siping Zeng, Ting Wang, Wenguang Lin, Zhizhen Chen and Renbin Xiao

Systems 2024, 12(9), 321; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12090321 - 24 Aug 2024

Viewed by 429

Abstract

Innovative Industrial Clusters (IIC), characterized by geographical aggregation and technological collaboration among technology enterprises and institutions, serve as pivotal drivers of regional economic competitiveness and technological advancements. Prior research on cluster identification, crucial for IIC analysis, has predominantly emphasized geographical dimensions while overlooking [...] Read more.

Innovative Industrial Clusters (IIC), characterized by geographical aggregation and technological collaboration among technology enterprises and institutions, serve as pivotal drivers of regional economic competitiveness and technological advancements. Prior research on cluster identification, crucial for IIC analysis, has predominantly emphasized geographical dimensions while overlooking technological proximity. Addressing these limitations, this study introduces a comprehensive framework incorporating multiple indices and methods for accurately identifying IIC using patent data. To unearth latent technological insights within patent documents, Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) is employed to generate topics from a collection of terms. Utilizing the applicants’ names and addresses recorded in patents, an Application Programming Interface (API) map systems facilitates the extraction of geographic locations. Subsequently, a Multivariate Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (MDBSCAN) algorithm, which accounts for both technological and spatial distances, is deployed to delineate IIC. Moreover, a bipartite network model based on patent geographic information collected from the patent is constructed to analyze the technological distribution on the geography and development mode of IIC. The utilization of the model and methodologies is demonstrated through a case study on the China flexible electronics industry (FEI). The findings reveal that the clusters identified via this novel approach are significantly correlated with both technological innovation and geographical factors. Moreover, the MDBSCAN algorithm demonstrates notable superiority over other algorithms in terms of computational precision and efficiency, as evidenced by the case analysis. Full article

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23 pages, 2005 KiB

Open AccessReview

Exploring the Role of Autonomous Trucks in Addressing Challenges within the Trucking Industry: A Comprehensive Review

by Ali Hasiri and Amirhassan Kermanshah

Systems 2024, 12(9), 320; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12090320 - 23 Aug 2024

Viewed by 699

Abstract

The trucking industry, a vital part of the economic structure, faces numerous challenges such as greenhouse gas emissions, labor-related issues, fluctuating fuel costs, and safety concerns. These challenges intensify as the industry expands to meet growing demand. The advent of artificial intelligence has [...] Read more.

The trucking industry, a vital part of the economic structure, faces numerous challenges such as greenhouse gas emissions, labor-related issues, fluctuating fuel costs, and safety concerns. These challenges intensify as the industry expands to meet growing demand. The advent of artificial intelligence has led to the development of autonomous trucks, which are seen as a promising solution to these ongoing issues. This study is the first comprehensive review of literature on autonomous trucks, organized by theme and research method. Studies are initially categorized based on the timeline of the issues investigated, divided into two main subcategories: foundational aspects of autonomous truck implementation and practical implementation and economic analysis of autonomous trucks. Research on the foundational aspects of autonomous trucks is further divided into four categories: (1) Acceptance surveys, (2) Identification of barriers, (3) Core technologies for autonomous trucks implementation, and (4) Predictions of adoption rates. Research on practical and economical aspects of autonomous trucks falls into three subcategories: (1) Infrastructure, (2) Systemic performance optimization, and (3) Cost estimation. To enhance the accuracy of this review, a more detailed classification was conducted on two specific subcategories: core technologies for autonomous truck implementation and systemic performance optimization. Additionally, the studies were also categorized based on their research methods and assumptions, which include accurate descriptions of autonomous technology, data collection methods, assumptions about the study environment, the fuel type of autonomous trucks, and approach to analysis: simultaneous or separate. This comprehensive review of the literature offers a roadmap for researchers, aiding them in identifying unique and novel research topics, thereby propelling the advancement of autonomous trucks as a viable solution to numerous challenges in the trucking industry. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intelligent Logistics Systems Applications: Enhancing Efficiency and Adaptability)

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24 pages, 3709 KiB

Open AccessArticle

How to Promote Traditional Automobile Companies’ Intelligent-Connected Transformation under the New Dual-Credit Policy? A Tripartite Evolutionary Game Analysis Combined with Funding Time Delay

by Dan Zhao, Yekai Li, Jian Wang and Jinhuan Tang

Systems 2024, 12(9), 319; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12090319 - 23 Aug 2024

Viewed by 392

Abstract

Based on the interactive integration between smart cities and intelligent transportation, this paper discusses how traditional automobile companies achieve intelligent-connected transformation and how to promote the development of intelligent connected vehicles. First, we construct a tripartite evolutionary game model of traditional automobile companies, [...] Read more.

Based on the interactive integration between smart cities and intelligent transportation, this paper discusses how traditional automobile companies achieve intelligent-connected transformation and how to promote the development of intelligent connected vehicles. First, we construct a tripartite evolutionary game model of traditional automobile companies, internet companies, and financial institutions under the dual-credit policy. Second, we define an ideal event and analyze the impacts of cost factors, market factors, and policy factors on system evolution. Finally, funding time delay is combined with the evolutionary game analysis. Results indicate that: (1) Compared with traditional automobile companies and internet companies, financial institutions are more sensitive to the profit-sharing coefficient and cost-sharing coefficient; (2) The probability of an ideal event is more sensitive to credit trading price than new energy vehicle (NEV) credit accounting coefficients and the NEV credit ratio requirement; (3) The government should fully consider the linkage between policy factors and market factors, and it is unreasonable for the government to consider the range of any factor alone; (4) Both the financing amount and regulatory cost have specific threshold ranges within which tripartite collaboration can be facilitated. Full article

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27 pages, 772 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Global Governance of the Space System: A Multilevel Governance Analysis

by Francisco Del Canto Viterale

Systems 2024, 12(9), 318; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12090318 - 23 Aug 2024

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Abstract

The proliferation of new and more diverse number of actors in the space industry in recent decades has created a more complex, decentralized, and unpredictable global governance of the space system. In the contemporary era, space activities are conducted by a diverse multitude [...] Read more.

The proliferation of new and more diverse number of actors in the space industry in recent decades has created a more complex, decentralized, and unpredictable global governance of the space system. In the contemporary era, space activities are conducted by a diverse multitude of actors, engaging in a multiplicity of interactions across a variety of levels and arenas. Although there is a substantial body of literature addressing the global governance of space, few of these works have analyzed the multilevel governance of the current space system. The primary hypothesis of this research is that the governance of the space system has become more fragmented, decentralized, and distributed across multiple levels or arenas. This research emphasizes the necessity of utilizing systems approaches and an International Relations (IR) perspective to analyze the global governance of the space system. Therefore, the primary objective of this research is to examine the key characteristics of the 21st-century space system using a multilevel governance framework (MLG) and to assess the relevance and implications of each level. This paper contributes to the emerging field of global space governance by applying a MLG framework to the space system. The result is a comprehensive, multilevel analysis of the contemporary space system, identifying, describing, and explaining the role of the space actors in various levels of analysis (international, regional, national, and subnational). Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Systems Practice in Social Science)

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Systems, Volume 12, Issue 9 (September 2024) – 19 articles

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