Oxylipin Response to Acute and Chronic Exercise: A Systematic Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
3. Discussion
3.1. Exercise-Related Oxylipin Formation
3.2. Matrix
3.3. Limitations
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Search Strategy
4.2. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria
4.3. Data Extraction
4.4. Studies Quality Assessment
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Investigators, Year Published | Research Design | Methodology | Novelty | Final Score | Classification | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Subjects Number | Studies Characteristics | Analysis Methods | Statistical Support | ||||
Nieman et al. (2019) [14] | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 11 | Excellent |
Nieman et al. (2020) [15] | 0 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 9 | Excellent |
Garcia-Flores et al. (2018) [18] | 2 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 8 | Good |
Markworth et al. (2013) [16] | 0 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 8 | Good |
Vella et al. (2019) [17] | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 6 | Good |
Gollach et al. (2019) [19] | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 5 | Fair |
Nieman et al.(2014) [22] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | Poor |
Giordano et al. (2011) [20] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | Poor |
Medina et al. (2012) [21] | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | Poor |
Investigators, Year Published | Study Population | Research Design | Exercise Intensity and Duration | Enzymatic Pathway | Analytical Platform | Matrix | Key Findings, Exercise Effect |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Garcia-Flores et al. (2018) [18] | 16 triathletes (10 men 19.0 ± 1.7 years, and 6 women 21.1 ± 3.0 years of age) | Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, and crossover design. Triathlon training at different conditions: control baseline (15 days), control training (15 days), placebo, and supplement drink crossover (100 days) and washout between these conditions (10 days), and control post-training (15 days). Training was based on objective load scale (ECOs). Urine samples timepoints: pre- and post-each condition (24 h). | Training, high-intensity, long-duration | COX, LOX, and non- enzymatic pathways | UHPLC-MS/MS | Urine | 37 oxylipins detected, with small decreases in F2-IsoPs and PGF1α, and small increases in PGDM, 11-β-PGF2α and PGE1 |
Medina et al. (2012) [21] | 15 triathletes (10 men 19.0 ± 1.7 years and 5 women 21.8 ± 3.0 years of age) | Intense triathlon training for two weeks (cycling, swimming, running). No control group. Urine samples timepoints: pre-training (24 h) and post-training (24 h). | Training, high-intensity, long-duration | COX and non- enzymatic pathways | UPLC–QqQ-MS/MS | Urine | 13 oxylipins detected, with small decreases in F2-IsoPs, tetranor-PGEM and 11-β-PGF2α, and an increase in 6-keto-PGF1α |
Giordano et al. (2011) [20] | 14 light to moderately active healthy subjects (6 men and 8 women, 36.9 ± 8.4 years of age) | In three visits, participants randomly performed submaximal bicycle tests for 20 min at 30%, 60%, and 80% of their maximal workload. In an additional visit, a test was performed at 60% of maximal work capacity for 40 min. Blood samples timepoints: pre-exercise, during exercise (20th min), and post-exercise (2 min) in the three visits, and pre-exercise and during exercise (39th min) in the additional visit | Low, moderate, and high-intensity, short-duration | CYP | UPLC-MS/MS | Plasma | 6 oxylipins detected, with small increases after 80% exercise in 8,9-DiHETrE, 11,12-DiHETrE, 14,15-DiHETrE, and after 40 min 60% exercise for 14,15-EpETrE and 14,15-DiHETrE |
Gollasch et al. (2019) [19] | Six healthy subjects (5 men and 1 woman 38.0 ± 15.0 years of age) | Subjects performed a maximal graded treadmill test. Blood samples timepoints: pre-exercise test (10 min before), during exercise (when heart rate reached 150 bpm), post-exercise (0 min, 10 min) | High-intensity, short-duration | LOX and CYP | HPLC-MS/MS | Plasma | 56 oxylipins detected, with small increases in 5,6-DiHETrE, 12,13-EpOME, 5,6-DiHETE, 17,18-DiHETE. Most of them returned to close pre-exercise values 10 min after the end exercise |
Markworth et al. (2013) [16] | 16 healthy men (2 groups of 8 each, 23 ± 1.3 years and 23.0 ± 0.5 years of age) | Parallel group design randomized with two groups: placebo and ibuprofen. Exercise included a 10 min warmup; 3 sets of 8 –10 repetitions of squatting with bar; leg press 45° and knee extension at 80% 1 RM. Circuit with 1 min of recovery between sets, 3 min recovery between stations. Blood samples timepoints: after 10 h fasting; pre-exercise (15 min), post-exercise protocol (0 h, 0.5 h, 1 h, 1.5 h, 2 h, 2.5 h, 3 h, 24 h) | High-intensity resistance, short-duration | COX, LOX, and CYP | HPLC-MRM-MS/MS | Serum | 87 oxylipins detected with small to moderate increases in 29 oxylipins, especially between 1 and 3 h post-exercise. Most of them returned to close pre-exercise values between 3 and 24 h after the end exercise |
Nieman et al. (2020) [15] | 59 healthy cyclists (38.6 ± 1.5 years of age) | Parallel group design, randomized, double blind and placebo-controlled intervention. Two-week supplementation period (freeze-dried blueberry powder or placebo) followed by a 75 km cycling time trial (while consuming water only or water with bananas). Four groups (blueberry-water trial / blueberry–banana trial / placebo-banana trial / placebo-water trial). Blood samples timepoints: pre-exercise, post-exercise (0 h, 1.5 h, 3 h, 5 h, 24 h, and 48 h) | High-intensity, long-duration | COX, LOX, and CYP | LC-MRM-MS | Plasma | Large increases in plasma concentrations of 64 of 67 oxylipins detected, with most near pre-exercise levels within 5 h post-exercise |
Nieman et al. (2019) [14] | 20 healthy cyclists (39.1 ± 2.4 years of age) | Randomized, crossover, counterbalanced approach. Four sessions of 75-km cycling time trial, 2-weekwashout. Four groups (Cavendish banana trial / mini-yellow banana trial / sugar beverage trial / water trial). Blood samples timepoints: pre-exercise, post-exercise (0 h, 0.75 h, 1.5 h, 3 h, 4.5 h, 21 h and 45 h) | High-intensity, long-duration | COX, LOX, and CYP | LC-MRM-MS/UHPLC/MS | Plasma | Large increases in plasma concentrations of 43 of 45 oxylipins detected, with most near pre-exercise levels within 4.5 h post-exercise |
Nieman et al., (2014) [22] | 19 male cyclists (38.1 ± 1.6 years of age) | Subjects performed a 75 km cycling time trial without any beverage or food containing energy or nutrients. Blood samples timepoints: pre-exercise and post-exercise (0 h, 1.5 h, 21 h) | High-intensity, long-duration | LOX and CYP | UHPLC- MS/MS and GC-MS | Plasma | Large increases in 9-HODE, 13-HODE, 9,10-DiHOME, and 12,13-DiHOME, with most near pre-exercise levels between 1.5 and 21 h post-exercise |
Vella et al. (2019) [17] | 12 recreationally active men (22.1 ± 0.6 years of age) | Acute bout of maximal concentric and eccentric isokinetic unilateral knee extension exercise, three sets of 12 maximal repetitions, 2 min of rest between sets. Muscle biopsy timepoints: pre-protocol, post-protocol (2 h, 4 h, 24 h) | High-intensity, resistance, short-duration | COX, LOX, and CYP | HPLC-MRM-MS/MS | Muscle Biopsy | 84 oxylipins detected. Modest to small increases in 22 oxylipins at 2 h post-exercise including TXB2, PGE2, PGF2α, 15d-D12,14-PGJ3), 12-oxo-LTB4, 20-COOH-LTB4, 5-HETE, 12-HETE, tetranor 12-HETE, 15-HETE, 12-HEPE, 4HDoHE, 7-HDoHE, 14-HDoHE, 5,6-EpETrE, 11,12-DiHETrE, and 14,15-DiHETrE. Most of them returned to close pre-exercise values 4 h after the end exercise |
Pathway | Studies | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Giordano et al. (2011) [20] | Medina et al. (2012) [21] | Markworth et al. (2013) [16] | Nieman et al. (2014) [22] | Garcia-Flores et al. (2018) [18] | Nieman et al. (2019) [14] | Gollach et al. (2019) [19] | Vella et al. (2019) [17] | Nieman et al. (2020) [15] | |
Acute Effect (Short Duration) | Chronic Effect (Long Duration) | Acute Effect (Short Duration) | Acute Effect (Long Duration) | Chronic Effect (long Duration) | Acute Effect (Long Duration) | Acute Effect (Short Duration) | Acute Effect (Short Duration) | Acute Effect (long Duration) | |
COX | - | ↓ Tetranor- PGEM ↓ 11-β-PGF2α ↑ 6-keto-PGF1α | ↑↑ TXB2 ↑↑ 12-HHTrE ↑ PGD2 ↑ PGE2 ↑ 15-keto-PGE2 ↑ 15-keto- PGF2α ↑ 6-keto-PGF1α ↑ 13,14- dihydro-15-keto-PGE2 ↑ RvE1 | - | ↑ PGDM ↑ 11-β-PGF2α ↑ PGE1 ↓↓ PGF1α |
↑↑ TXB2 ↑↑ 12-HHTrE ↑ PGFM ↑↑ 18-HEPE | - | ↑ TXB2 ↑ 12-HHTrE ↑ PGE2 ↑ PGF2α ↑ 15d- D12,14-PGJ3 | ↑↑TXB2 ↑↑ 12-HHTrE ↑ PGFM ↑↑ PGE2 ↑↑ dh-PGE2 ↑↑ TXB1 ↑↑ TXB3 ↑ PGE3 ↑ 18-HEPE ↑ RvE1 |
LOX | - | - | ↑ 12-HETE ↑ 5,12- DiHETE ↑ Tetranor- 12-HETE ↑ 15-HETE ↑ 15-oxo-ETE ↑ LTB4 ↑ LXA4 ↑ LXB4 ↑ 9-oxo-ODE ↑ 13-HODE ↑ 13-oxo-ODE ↑ 10(S),17(S)- DiHDoHE ↑ RvD1 | ↑ 9-HODE ↑ 13-HODE | ↑ 5-HETE ↑ 8-HETE ↑↑ 9-HETE ↑↑ 11-HETE ↑↑ 12-HETE ↑↑ Tetranor 12-HETE ↑↑ 15-HETE ↑↑ 9-HODE ↑↑ 9-oxo-ODE ↑↑ 13-HODE ↑ 13-oxo-ODE ↑↑ 5-HETrE ↑↑ 8-HETrE ↑↑ 15-HETrE ↑↑ 4-HdoHE ↑↑ 8-HdoHE ↑↑ 10-HdoHE ↑ 13-HdoHE ↑↑ 14-HdoHE ↑ 16-HdoHE ↑↑ 5-HEPE ↑↑ 12-HEPE ↑ 15-HEPE | - | ↑ 5-HETE ↑ 12-HETE ↑↑ Tetranor 12-HETE ↑ 12-oxo- LTB4 ↑ 20-COOH- LTB4 ↑ 4-HdoHE ↑ 7-HdoHE ↑ 14-HdoHE ↑↑ 12-HEPE | ↑ 5-HETE ↑ 5-oxo-ETE ↑↑ 5,15- DiHETE ↑↑ 8-HETE ↑↑ 9-HETE ↑↑ 11-HETE ↑↑ 12-HETE ↑ 12-oxo-ETE ↑↑ Tetranor 12-HETE ↑ 15-HETE ↑ 15R-LXA4 ↑↑ 9-HODE ↑↑ 9-oxo-ODE ↑↑ 13-HODE ↑↑ 13- oxo-ODE ↑↑ 5-HETrE ↑↑ 8-HETrE ↑↑ 15-HETrE ↑ 4-HdoHE ↑↑ 7-HdoHE ↑↑ 8-HdoHE ↑↑ 10-HdoHE ↑↑ 11-HDoHE | |
LOX | - | - | ↑↑ 9-HOTrE ↑↑ 13-HOTrE | - | ↑↑ 13-HDoHE ↑↑ 14-HDoHE ↑ 16-HDoHE ↑↑ 17-HDoHE ↑↑ PD1 ↑↑ 5-HEPE ↑ 8-HEPE ↑↑ 9-HEPE ↑ 11-HEPE ↑↑ 12-HEPE ↑↑ 15-HEPE ↑↑ 9-HOTrE ↑↑ 13-HOTrE | ||||
CYP | ↑ 8,9- DiHETrE ↑ 11,12- DiHETrE ↓ 14,15- EpETrE ↑ 14,15- DiHETrE | - | ↑ 11,12- DiHETrE ↑ 14,15- DiHETrE ↑ 9,10-EpOME ↑ 9,10- DiHOME | ↑ 9,10- DiHOME ↑ 12,13- DiHOME | - | ↑↑ 8,9- DiHETrE ↑↑ 11,12- DiHETrE ↑ 14,15- DiHETrE ↑↑ 17-HETE ↑ 18-HETE ↑ 19-HETE ↑↑ 20-HETE ↑↑ 20- COOH-AA ↑ 9,10- EpOME ↑↑ 9,10- DiHOME ↑↑ 12,13- DiHOME ↑↑ 19,20- DiHDPE ↑↑ 20- HDoHE | ↑ 5,6- DiHETrE ↑ 12,13- EpOME ↑ 5,6- DiHETE ↑ 17,18- DiHETE | ↑ 5,6-EpETrE ↑ 11,12- DiHETrE ↑ 14,15- DiHETrE | ↑↑ 5,6- EpETrE ↑↑ 5,6- DiHETrE ↑↑ 8,9- DiHETrE ↑↑ 11,12- EpETrE ↑↑ 11,12- DiHETrE ↑↑ 14,15- DiHETrE ↑ 16-HETE ↑↑ 17-HETE ↑↑ 18-HETE ↑↑ 19-HETE ↑↑ 20-HETE ↑ 9,10- EpOME ↑ 9,10- DiHOME ↑ 12,13- DiHOME ↑↑ 19,20- DiHDPE ↑↑ 20-COOH- AA ↑↑ 20-HDoHE |
Non- Enzymatic | - | ↓ 8-iso- PGF2α | - | - | ↓ 15-keto- 15-F2t-iso ↓ 9-epi- 15-F2t-iso ↓ 5-epi-5F2t-iso | ↑↑ 5-iso- PGF2α-VI | - | - | ↑ 8,12-iso- Isoprostane- F2α-VI ↑ 13,14- Dihydro-15-keto-PGF2α |
PICOS | |
---|---|
Population | Healthy adult subjects |
Intervention | Physical Exercise influence |
Comparator | Non-exercise/intervention condition |
Outcome | Exercise-related oxylipins |
Study Design | Analytical studies |
Score Setting | |||
---|---|---|---|
Section | Maximum Score | Aspects | Score Attribution |
Research Design | 2 | Number of Participants | Parallel Studies 0—n < 20 2—n > 20 Crossover Studies 0—n < 13 2—n > 13 |
2 | Study Characteristics | —Randomized control group —Proper matrix —> 2 timepoints data collection —Duration ≥ 3wk (chronic studies only) 0—None of the previous items 1—At least 2 of the first 3 criteria listed 2—All 3 of the first 3 criteria listed | |
Methodology | 3 | Analysis Methods | 1—< 10 oxylipins measured using global metabolomics 2—40–10 oxylipins measured using LC-MS/MS targeted oxylipins panel 3—> 40 oxylipins measured using LC-MS/MS targeted oxylipins panel |
2 | Statistical Support | 0—simple univariate statistics 1—Univariate statistics + additional analyses to sort and group the data, and to control for confounding factors 2—univariate statistics + PCA, OPLS-DA, PLS-DA, or similar advanced bioinformatics procedures | |
Novelty | 2 | 0–2—New information in the literature |
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Signini, É.F.; Nieman, D.C.; Silva, C.D.; Sakaguchi, C.A.; Catai, A.M. Oxylipin Response to Acute and Chronic Exercise: A Systematic Review. Metabolites 2020, 10, 264. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo10060264
Signini ÉF, Nieman DC, Silva CD, Sakaguchi CA, Catai AM. Oxylipin Response to Acute and Chronic Exercise: A Systematic Review. Metabolites. 2020; 10(6):264. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo10060264
Chicago/Turabian StyleSignini, Étore F., David C. Nieman, Claudio D. Silva, Camila A. Sakaguchi, and Aparecida M. Catai. 2020. "Oxylipin Response to Acute and Chronic Exercise: A Systematic Review" Metabolites 10, no. 6: 264. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo10060264