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Metabolites
Volume 14
Issue 7
10.3390/metabo14070379
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Review

Unraveling the Evolutionary Diet Mismatch and Its Contribution to the Deterioration of Body Composition

by
Sandi Assaf
†,
Jason Park
†,
Naveed Chowdhry
,
Meghasree Ganapuram
,
Shelbin Mattathil
,
Rami Alakeel
and
Owen J. Kelly
*
College of Osteopathic Medicine, Sam Houston State University, Conroe, TX 77304, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Metabolites 2024, 14(7), 379; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo14070379
Submission received: 1 June 2024 / Revised: 3 July 2024 / Accepted: 3 July 2024 / Published: 7 July 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exploring Metabolomics and Other Biomarkers for Osteosarcopenic Adiposity Detection, Prevention and Management)
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Abstract

Over the millennia, patterns of food consumption have changed; however, foods were always whole foods. Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) have been a very recent development and have become the primary food source for many people. The purpose of this review is to propose the hypothesis that, forsaking the evolutionary dietary environment, and its complex milieu of compounds resulting in an extensive metabolome, contributes to chronic disease in modern humans. This evolutionary metabolome may have contributed to the success of early hominins. This hypothesis is based on the following assumptions: (1) whole foods promote health, (2) essential nutrients cannot explain all the benefits of whole foods, (3) UPFs are much lower in phytonutrients and other compounds compared to whole foods, and (4) evolutionary diets contributed to a more diverse metabolome. Evidence will be presented to support this hypothesis. Nutrition is a matter of systems biology, and investigating the evolutionary metabolome, as compared to the metabolome of modern humans, will help elucidate the hidden connections between diet and health. The effect of the diet on the metabolome may also help shape future dietary guidelines, and help define healthy foods.
Keywords: metabolome; ultra-processed foods; dark matter of nutrition; bone; muscle; fat; adiposity; osteosarcopenic adiposity metabolome; ultra-processed foods; dark matter of nutrition; bone; muscle; fat; adiposity; osteosarcopenic adiposity
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Correction Statement

This article has been republished with a minor correction to an author's ORCID. This change does not affect the scientific content of the article.

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MDPI and ACS Style

Assaf, S.; Park, J.; Chowdhry, N.; Ganapuram, M.; Mattathil, S.; Alakeel, R.; Kelly, O.J. Unraveling the Evolutionary Diet Mismatch and Its Contribution to the Deterioration of Body Composition. Metabolites 2024, 14, 379. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo14070379

AMA Style

Assaf S, Park J, Chowdhry N, Ganapuram M, Mattathil S, Alakeel R, Kelly OJ. Unraveling the Evolutionary Diet Mismatch and Its Contribution to the Deterioration of Body Composition. Metabolites. 2024; 14(7):379. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo14070379

Chicago/Turabian Style

Assaf, Sandi, Jason Park, Naveed Chowdhry, Meghasree Ganapuram, Shelbin Mattathil, Rami Alakeel, and Owen J. Kelly. 2024. "Unraveling the Evolutionary Diet Mismatch and Its Contribution to the Deterioration of Body Composition" Metabolites 14, no. 7: 379. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo14070379

APA Style

Assaf, S., Park, J., Chowdhry, N., Ganapuram, M., Mattathil, S., Alakeel, R., & Kelly, O. J. (2024). Unraveling the Evolutionary Diet Mismatch and Its Contribution to the Deterioration of Body Composition. Metabolites, 14(7), 379. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo14070379

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