Axion-like Particle Effects on Photon Polarization in High-Energy Astrophysics
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Axion-like Particles
3. Polarization Effects
- In case of no photon absorption and a starting condition of only photons with an initial degree of linear polarization , the inequalities and hold. In case of initially unpolarized photons (), we observe and .
- In the previous conditions, represents the measure of the overlap between the values assumed by and . In case of initially unpolarized photons (), and possess the common value of 1/2, at most.
4. Photon–ALP Beam Propagation in Different Media
4.1. Blazars
4.2. Host Galaxy
4.3. Galaxy Clusters
4.4. Extragalactic Space
4.5. Milky Way
4.6. Overall Photon–ALP Beam Propagation
5. ALP Effects on Photon Polarization
5.1. UV-X-ray Band
5.2. High-Energy Band
6. Discussion and Future Perspectives
6.1. Very High Energy Band
6.2. Gamma-Ray Bursts
7. Conclusions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Galanti, G. Axion-like Particle Effects on Photon Polarization in High-Energy Astrophysics. Universe 2024, 10, 312. https://doi.org/10.3390/universe10080312
Galanti G. Axion-like Particle Effects on Photon Polarization in High-Energy Astrophysics. Universe. 2024; 10(8):312. https://doi.org/10.3390/universe10080312
Chicago/Turabian StyleGalanti, Giorgio. 2024. "Axion-like Particle Effects on Photon Polarization in High-Energy Astrophysics" Universe 10, no. 8: 312. https://doi.org/10.3390/universe10080312