Vaccinium Species—Unexplored Sources of Active Constituents for Cosmeceuticals
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Phytochemical Composition
3. Vaccinium Species in Skin Care
3.1. Skin-Lightening Properties
3.2. Anti-Aging Properties of Vaccinium spp.
3.3. Antioxidant Activity
3.4. UV-Protecting Activity of Vaccinium Species
3.5. Antimicrobial Properties
4. Vaccinium Species in Dermatology
4.1. Skin Cancer Chemoprevention
4.2. Anti-Inflammatory Activity
5. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
6. Review Methodology
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Phytochemical/Class | References | Phytochemical/Class | References |
---|---|---|---|
Phenolic | Terpenes and terpenoids | ||
Phenolic acids | Monoterpenes | ||
Hydroxybenzoic acids | 83. α-Terpinene | [18] | |
1. 1,2-Dihydroxybenzoic acid | [10,19] | 84. (+)-α-Pinene | [18] |
2. 2,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid | [10,19] | 85. (+)-3-Carene | [18] |
3. 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid | [18] | 86. (−)-Camphene | [18] |
4. 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid | [18] | 87. (+)-Limonene | [18] |
5. 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid | [18] | Monoterpenoids | |
6. Benzoic Acid | [18] | 88. Carvacrol | [18] |
7. p-Anisic acid | [18] | 89. (+)-Linalool | [18] |
8. Gallic Acid | [18] | 90. Nerol | [18] |
9. Salicylic Acid | [18] | 91. Monotropein | [18] |
10. Syringic acid | [18] | 92. 3-Methyl-3-buten-2-ol | [18] |
11. Vanillic Acid | [18] | Triterpenoids | |
Hydroxycinnamic acids | 93. Oleanolic Acid | [18] | |
12. Caffeic Acid | [18] | 94. Ursolic Acid | [11,18] |
13. Chlorogenic Acid | [18] | 95. 3-(p-Coumaroyl)ursolic acid | [18] |
14. Cinnamic Acid | [18] | 96. 3-O-p-hydroxycinnamoyl ursolic acid | [18] |
15. o-Coumaric acid | [10,19] | Carotenoids | |
16. p-Coumaric acid | [18] | 97. Lutein | [11,18] |
17. Ferulic acid | [18] | 98. α-Carotene | [18] |
18. cis-Ferulic acid | [10,19] | 99. β-Carotene | [18] |
19. Sinapinic acid | [18] | 100. ζ-Carotene | [10,11,19] |
Other phenolic acids | Phytosterols | ||
20. Ellagic Acid | [18] | 101. β-Sitosterol | [18] |
21. 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid | [18] | 102. Sitogluside | [18] |
Stilbenes | Other terpenoids | ||
22. Resveratrol | [18] | 103. Isophorone | [18] |
23. (Z)-resveratrol | [18] | Non-Phenolic organic acids | |
Flavonoids | 104. Aspartic Acid | [10,19] | |
Anthocyanidins | 105. Citric Acid | [18] | |
24. Cyanidin | [18] | 106. Fumaric Acid | [18] |
25. Cyanidin 3-arabinoside | [18] | 107. Glutamic Acid | [10,19] |
26. Cyanidin 3-galactoside | [18] | 108. Isocitric acid | [18] |
27. Cyanidin 3-glucoside (kuromanin) | [10,19] | 109. Malic Acid | [18] |
28. Pelargonidin 3-galactoside | [18] | 110. Oxalic Acid | [18] |
29. Peonidin | [18] | 111. Parasorbic acid | [18] |
30. Peonidin 3-arabinoside | [11,18] | 112. Phthalic acid | [18] |
31. Peonidin 3-galactoside | [10,11,19] | 113. Quinic acid | [18] |
32. peonidin 3-O-β-D-glucoside betaine | [18] | 114. Shikimic acid | [18] |
33. Peonidin 3-glucoside | [10,19] | 115. Tartaric acid | [18] |
Chalcones | 116. trans-Aconitic acid | [18] | |
34. Phlorizin | [18] | Aminoacids | |
Flavanols | 117. Alanine | [10,19] | |
35. Cianidanol | [18] | 118. Arginine | [10,19] |
36. Cinnamtannin B1 | [10,19] | 119. Aspartic acid | [10,19] |
37. Epicatechin | [11,18] | 120. Cystine | [10,19] |
38. Procyanidin A2 | [10,19] | 121. Glutamic acid | [10,19] |
39. Procyanidin B2 | [11,18] | 122. Glycine | [10,19] |
Flavanones | 123. Histidine | [10,19] | |
40. Prunin | [18] | 124. Isoleucine | [10,19] |
Flavonols | 125. Leucine | [10,19] | |
41. Astragalin | [18] | 126. Lysine | [10,19] |
42. Hyperoside | [18] | 127. Methionine | [10,19] |
43. Kaempferol | [18] | 128. Proline | [10,19] |
44. Myricetin 3-arabinoside | [18] | 129. Serine | [10,19] |
45. Myricetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside | [18] | 130. Threonine | [10,19] |
46. Myricetin 3-O-β-L-galactopyranoside | [18] | 131. Tryptophan | [10,19] |
47. Myricetin 3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside | [18] | 132. Tyrosine | [10,19] |
48. Quercetin | [18] | Sugars | |
49. Quercetin 3-xyloside | [18] | 133. Sucrose | [10,19] |
50. Quercetin 3-O-arabinoside (avicularin) | [18] | Fatty acids | |
51. Isoquercetin | [18] | Fatty alcohols | |
52. Quercitrin | [18] | 134. 1-Octanol | [18] |
53. Rhamnetin | [18] | 135. 3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol | [18] |
54. Isorhamnetin | [18] | 136. 1-Decanol | [18] |
55. Isorhamnetin 3-O-β-L-galactopyranoside | [18] | 137. 1-Hexanol | [18] |
Isoflavonoids | 138. 3-Pentanol | [11] | |
56. Genistein | [10,19] | 139. Nonan-1-ol | [18] |
57. Isoflavone | [10,19] | 140. 2-Methyl-3-buten-2-ol | [18] |
Vitamins | 141. (3R)-octan-3-ol | [18] | |
58. Ascorbic Acid (vit.C) | [18] | 142. (S)-(+)-2-Pentanol | [18] |
59. Nicotinic acid (vit.B3) | [10,19] | 143. (S)-(+)-2-Octanol | [18] |
60. Pantothenic Acid (vit.B5) | [10,19] | 144. (3R)-heptan-3-ol | [18] |
61. Pyridoxine (vit.B6) | [10,19] | 145. Oct-1-en-3-ol | [18] |
62. Retinol (vit.A1) | [10,19] | Fatty aldehydes | |
63. Riboflavin (vit.B2) | [10,19] | 146. 2,4-Heptadienal | [18] |
64. Thiamine (vit.B1) | [10,19] | 147. 2-Decenal | [18] |
65. Vitamin K | [10,19] | 148. 2-Heptenal | [18] |
66. α-, β-, γ-, δ-Tocopherol (Vit. E) | [18] | 149. 2-Nonenal | [18] |
67. α-, β-, γ-, δ-Tocotrienol (Vit. E) | [18] | 150. Decanal | [18] |
Miscellaneous phytochemicals | 151. Dodecanal | [18] | |
68. Benzaldehyde | [18] | 152. Hepta-2,4-dienal | [18] |
69. 2-Phenylphenol | [18] | 153. Heptanal | [18] |
70. Benzothiazole | [18] | 154. Hexanal | [18] |
71. Benzyl Benzoate | [18] | 155. Octanal | [18] |
72. Benzyl formate | [18] | 156. Undecanal | [11] |
73. Betaine | [10,19] | Oxygenated hydrocarbons | |
74. Choline | [10,19] | 157. 1,2-Butanedione | [18] |
75. Cystine | [10,19] | 158. 2-Octadecanone | [11] |
76. Ethyl benzoate | [18] | 159. 2-Octanone | [18] |
77. Eugenol | [18] | 160. 2-Pentadecanone | [18] |
78. Indene | [18] | 161. 2-Tridecanone | [18] |
79. Methyl benzoate | [18] | 162. 6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one | [18] |
80. Phenol | [18] | Fatty esters | |
81. Phenylboronic acid | [11] | 163. Ethyl butyrate | [18] |
82. Vacciniin | [18] | 164. Monoethyl maleate | [18] |
Species | Ingredient (INCI) | Function in Cosmetic |
---|---|---|
Vaccinium angustifolium | VACCINIUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM FRUIT | Astringent, skin-conditioning |
VACCINIUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM FRUIT EXTRACT | Skin-conditioning, shooting | |
VACCINIUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM FRUIT JUICE | Astringent, skin-conditioning | |
LACTOBACILLUS/LEUCONOSTOC/BLUEBERRY FRUIT EXTRACT FERMENT FILTRATE | Humectant, skin-conditioning | |
VACCINIUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM SEED | Abrasive | |
VACCINIUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM LEAF EXTRACT | Skin-conditioning | |
Vaccinium myrtillus | VACCINIUM MYRTILLUS FRUIT JUICE | Skin-conditioning |
VACCINIUM MYRTILLUS FRUIT WATER | Skin-conditioning | |
VACCINIUM MYRTILLUS FRUIT EXTRACT | Skin-conditioning | |
VACCINIUM MYRTILLUS FRUIT/LEAF EXTRACT | Astringent, tonic, refreshing, skin-conditioning | |
VACCINIUM MYRTILLUS LEAF EXTRACT | Astringent, skin-conditioning, nail-conditioning, hair-conditioning | |
HYDROLYZED VACCINIUM MYRTILLUS LEAF EXTRACT | Skin-protecting | |
VACCINIUM MYRTILLUS LEAF CELL EXTRACT | Skin-conditioning | |
VACCINIUM MYRTILLUS BUD EXTRACT | Antioxidant | |
VACCINIUM MYRTILLUS STEM EXTRACT | Antioxidant, astringent | |
VACCINIUM MYRTILLUS SEED OIL | Skin-conditioning | |
VACCINIUM MYRTILLUS SEED EXTRACT | Skin-conditioning | |
VACCINIUM MYRTILLUS SEEDCAKE POWDER | Abrasive, skin-conditioning | |
POLYESTER-22 (the polymer formed by the reaction of Octyldodecanol, dimer dilinoleyl alcohol, Succinic Acid and Vaccinium Myrtillus Seed Oil) | Skin-conditioning, emollient | |
Vaccinium uliginosum | VACCINIUM ULIGINOSUM BERRY EXTRACT | Skin-conditioning |
Vaccinium macrocarpon | VACCINIUM MACROCARPON FRUIT | Skin-conditioning |
VACCINIUM MACROCARPON FRUIT EXTRACT | Astringent | |
VACCINIUM MACROCARPON FRUIT JUICE | Skin-conditioning | |
VACCINIUM MACROCARPON FRUIT WATER | Fragrance, perfuming | |
VACCINIUM MACROCARPON FRUIT POWDER | Antioxidant | |
LACTOBACILLUS/CRANBERRY FRUIT FERMENT EXTRACT | Antioxidant | |
VACCINIUM MACROCARPON SEED | Abrasive | |
VACCINIUM MACROCARPON SEED OIL | Skin-conditioning | |
VACCINIUM MACROCARPON SEEDCAKE POWDER | Skin-conditioning | |
VACCINIUM MACROCARPON SEED POWDER | Abrasive | |
HYDROGENATED CRANBERRY SEED OIL | Skin-conditioning, emollient | |
PEG-8 CRANBERRIATE (Fatty acids, cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) seed oil, ethoxylated (8 mol EO average molar ratio) | Surfactant—Emulsifying | |
Vaccinium dunalianum | VACCINIUM DUNALIANUM LEAF EXTRACT | Skin-conditioning |
Vaccinium oxycoccos | VACCINIUM OXYCOCCOS FRUIT EXTRACT | Skin-conditioning |
VACCINIUM OXYCOCCOS FRUIT WATER | Skin-conditioning | |
VACCINIUM OXYCOCCOS SEED EXTRACT | Skin-conditioning | |
VACCINIUM OXYCOCCOS SEEDCAKE | Skin-conditioning | |
Vaccinium virgatum | VACCINIUM VIRGATUM FRUIT JUICE | Humectant, skin-conditioning |
VACCINIUM VIRGATUM LEAF EXTRACT | Humectant, skin-conditioning | |
VACCINIUM VIRGATUM STEM EXTRACT | Antioxidant | |
VACCINIUM VIRGATUM CALLUS EXTRACT | Antioxidant, humectant, anti-sebum, hair-conditioning, skin-protecting | |
Vaccinium oldhamii | VACCINIUM OLDHAMII FRUIT EXTRACT | Skin-conditioning |
Vaccinium vitis-idaea | VACCINIUM VITIS-IDAEA FRUIT EXTRACT | Antioxidant |
VACCINIUM VITIS-IDAEA FRUIT JUICE | Skin-conditioning | |
VACCINIUM VITIS-IDAEA FRUIT WATER | Fragrance, skin-conditioning | |
SACCHAROMYCES/VACCINIUM VITIS-IDAEA FRUIT FERMENT EXTRACT | Bleaching, skin-conditioning | |
HYDROLYZED VACCINIUM VITIS-IDAEA FRUIT | Skin-conditioning | |
VACCINIUM VITIS-IDAEA LEAF EXTRACT | Astringent, skin-conditioning, tonic | |
VACCINIUM VITIS-IDAEA LEAF PROTOPLASTS | Antioxidant, humectant, skin-conditioning | |
VACCINIUM VITIS-IDAEA SEED OIL | Antioxidant, emollient, skin-conditioning, skin-protecting | |
VACCINIUM VITIS-IDAEA SEEDCAKE POWDER | Abrasive, Exfoliating | |
Vaccinium corymbosum | VACCINIUM CORYMBOSUM FRUIT | Skin-conditioning |
VACCINIUM CORYMBOSUM FRUIT EXTRACT | Skin-conditioning | |
VACCINIUM CORYMBOSUM FRUIT WATER | Skin-conditioning | |
VACCINIUM CORYMBOSUM SEED | Abrasive, skin-conditioning | |
VACCINIUM CORYMBOSUM SEED OIL | Antioxidant, skin-conditioning, emollient |
Vaccinium Species | Experimental Model | Results | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Vaccinium macrocarpon fruit juice (lyophylised) | Tyrosinase inhibition | 78% inhibition for 1 mg/mL IC50 = 0.1064 ± 0.03630 µg/mL | [23] |
Vaccinium myrtillus fruit juice (lyophylised) | Tyrosinase inhibition | 58% inhibition for 1 mg/mL; IC50 = 0.4814 ± 0.09839 µg/mL | |
Vaccinium myrtillus | Tyrosinase inhibition | H2O extract 0.25 mg/mL ca. 10% inhibition Met extract 0.25 mg/mL ca. 25% inhibition Met-H2O extract 0.25 mg/mL: 20% inhibition Ace-H2O extract at 0.25% mg/mL ca. 45% inhibition (IC50 = 2.21 ± 0.09 mg/mL) | [24] |
Vaccinium corymbosum | Tyrosinase inhibition | Met-H2O extract 0.25 mg/mL: 20% inhibition Ace-H2O extract at 0.25% mg/mL ca. 45% inhibition H2O and Met extract at 0.25 mg/mL—no inhibitory activity | |
Vaccinium bracteatum and isolated compound p-coumaric acid (PCA) | Mushroom tyrosinase inhibition HEK239 cells expressing human tyrosinase MelanoDerm skin model with melanocytes | The extract at 80 µg/mL inhibited human TYR by ca. 50% but did not inhibit mushroom TYR PCA was identified as the most active inhibitor of human TYR PCA at 5 mM reduced the melanin content in MelanoDerm tissues by ca. 13% | [27] |
Subcritical water extract (SWE) and hot water extract (HWE) from V. dunalianum leaves | Monophenolase and diphenolase inhibitory assay | Monophenolase inhibitory activity: SWE: IC50 = 11.81 ± 0.52 μg/mL HWE: IC50 = and 24.50 ± 1.78 μg/mL Kojic acid IC50 = 9.33 ± 0.66 μg/mL Diphenolase inhibitory activity: SWE: IC50 = 21.17 ± 1.83 μg/mL HWE IC50 = 86.98 ± 3.46 μg/mL kojic acid: IC50 = 76.63 ± 4.71 μg/mL | [28] |
6′-O-caffeoylarbutin isolated from aerial parts of Vaccinium dunalianum | Zebrafish melanogenesis assay | IC20: 63.89 mM for 6′-O-caffeoylarbutin 244.6 mM for arbutin The concentration required to prevent melanin production in zebrafish 60 mM for 6′-O-caffeoylarbutin 100 mM for arbutin | [30] |
Pterostilbene isolated from various Vaccinium berries | B16F10 melanogenesis assay Zebrafish melanogenesis assay Human skin tissue explants | Concentration of pterostilbene effectively inhibiting melanin formation: 3 mM in B16F10 and zebrafish melanogenesis assays 10 mM in human skin explant experiments ↓ melanocyte dendritic development ↓ melanosome transport ↓ cAMP/PKA/CREB signal pathway | [32] |
Vaccinium Species | Experimental Model (Cell Line/Enzyme/ Animal etc.) | Dose of Extract/Purified Compound | Results | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Vaccinium angustifolium | Type I bovine collagen | 5% extract (water/propylene glycol 40%) from Cosmetochem | inhibition of the glycation process by 76% | [37] |
In vitro reconstructed skin (Cell line KPH84) Staining of β1 integrin | AGE decline | |||
ELISA—MMP-1 | Reduces the amount of MMP-1 induced by ribose in the medium of reconstructed skin | |||
Vaccinium myrtillus | Hyaluronidase | 0.05 mg/ml fruit extract (water/acetone 1:1) | Inhibitory activity was >90% IC50 [mg hydrogel] was 116.26 ± 26.65 | |
0.5% extract evaporated from acetone-water mixtures (1:1 v/v) + 3.0% chitosan MMW | [24] | |||
Vaccinium uliginosum | Hairless Mice (SKH-1) | Extract sample with ethanol, no exact dose | Anti-wrinkle effect | [10] |
Vaccinium macrocarpon | Collagenase from Porphyromonas gingivalis | 100 µg/mL AC-PAC—isolated from fruit | Greatest inhibitory effect—88.7% ± 8.5% | [35] |
Vaccinium vitis-idaea | Women 35–50 years old | LAE double—water extract from lingonberries and amla fruits | Increased skin thickness by 120 µm Skin elasticity: Superficial—2x larger Deep—5x greater | [38] |
Vaccinium corymbosum | Hyaluronidase | 0.05 mg/mL fruit extract (water/acetone 1:1) | The inhibitory activity was >90% | [24] |
Species | Antioxidant Activitity | Type of Assay | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
V. myrtillus | 668.5 mg/100g | Folin-Ciocalteu | |
45.4 µmol TE */g | FRAP | [18] | |
83.45 µmol TE/g | ABTS | ||
V. vitis-idaea | 63.58% ± 2.95% | DPPH | [19] |
V. uliginosum | IC50 = 2.44 ± 0.09 mg/mL | DPPH | |
IC50 = 0.20 ± 0.00 mM | FRAP | [10] | |
V. corymbosum | 39.6–272.8 mg GAE */g | Folin-Ciocalteu | [11] |
22.6–124.8 mM TE/g | ABTS | ||
V. macrocarpon | 296.3 mg/100 g | Folin-Ciocalteu | |
50.52 mmol TE/g | DPPH | [40] | |
13.08 µmol TE/g | ABTS | ||
V. oxycoccos | 288.5 mg/100 g | Folin-Ciocalteu | |
39.6 mmol TE/g | DPPH | [40] | |
16.4 µmol TE/g | ABTS | ||
V. virgatum | 144–444 mg GAE/g | Folin-Ciocalteu | [41] |
2369 µmol TE/g | DPPH | ||
V. dunalifolium | 0.91 ± 0.04 nmol TE/g | FRAP | |
0.44 ± 0.03 nmol TE/g | DPPH | [43] | |
12.85 ± 0.23 nmol TE/g | ABTS | ||
V. angustifolium | 34.2–42.7 mg GAE/g | Folin-Ciocalteu | [44] |
Vaccinium Species | Experimental Model (Cell Line/Enzyme/ Animal etc.) | Dose of Extract/Purified Compound | Results | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Vaccinium uliginosum (anthocyanin-rich fruit extract) | Human dermal fibroblasts | 5 and 10 mg/L | ↑ cell viability ↓ ROS generation following UVB exposure ↓ DNA damage ↓ collagen degradation ↑ procollagen synthesis ↓ NFκB nuclear translocation and MAPK activation ↓ IL-6 and IL-8 induced by UVB | [58] |
Vaccinium uliginosum (polyphenol-enriched fruit extract) | Human ex vivo skin explants | 100 µg/mL; topic application | ↓ 4HNE ↓ HO-1 ↓ COX2 ↓ AhR ↓ COX2 ↑ structural proteins filaggrin and involucrin in response to UV exposure | [53] |
Vaccinium uliginosum (anthocyanin-enriched extract) | Hairless mice (SKH-1, 4-week-old male) | Oral administration, no data on the dose | ↓ epidermal thickness and collagen degradation ↓ MMP2, 3, 9 ↓ hyaluronidase ↑ TIMP1 and TIMP3 ↑ COL1a1 ↑ SOD1, CAT, GPx ↓ p-ERK, p-JNK, p-p38 following UV-exposure, in comparison with control mice (no extract administration) | [10] |
Vaccinium myrtillus (anthocyanin-rich fruit extract) | HaCaT human keratinocytes | 5–50 mg/L | ↓ ROS ↓ lipid peroxidation ↓ glutathione depletion in response to UVA radiation following pre-treatment (1 h) or post-treatment (4 h) | [54] |
Vaccinium myrtillus (polyphenolic-rich fruit extract) | HaCaT human keratinocytes | 5–50 mg/L | ↑ cell viability ↓ caspase-3 and 9 activation ↓ RONS ↓ DNA damage ↓ IL-6 release In response to UVB radiation following pre-treatment (1 h) or post-treatment (4 h) | [55] |
Vaccinium myrtillus extract | HaCaT keratinocytes | 320 µg/mL | ↓ UVB-induced cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and lipid peroxidation ↓ UVA-induced genotoxicity, ROS and apoptosis | [56] |
Vaccinium myrtillus fruit extract (“nanoberries”) | HaCaT keratinocytes | 0.31–4.38 mg/mL | ↑ viability in response to UVA, UVB and UVC exposure | [52] |
Bacterial Strain | Vaccinium Species | Experimental Model | Dose of Extract/Purified Compound | Results | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Staphylococcus aureus ACTT25923 | Vaccinium macrocarpon, Vaccinium myrtillus | Inhibition of bacterial culture growth [%] | 1 mL of juice | V. macrocarpon: 12.9 and 14.8% inhibition after 24 and 48 h, respectively V. myrtillus: 4.6 and 6.0%, respectively | [62] |
Staphylococcus aureus E-045 | Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) | Liquid culture analysis | 1 mg/mL | V. myrtillus—strong inhibition | [63] |
Staphylococcus aureus | Vaccinium corymbosum fruit and leaf | MIC values | - | Leaf: 12.5 mg/mL Fruit: 50 mg/mL | [64] |
Propionibacterium acnes | Vaccinium oldhami | Circular zone inhibition assay | 200 µg/mL | 16 mm clear zone | [65] |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Vaccinium macrocarpon, Vaccinium oxycoccos | Circular zone inhibition assay | 15 mg/mL | Slight activity | [16] |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Vaccinium macrocarpon | Circular zone inhibition assay | 60 µL of juice | 19 +/− 0.8 mm inhibition zone | [69] |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 | Vaccinium myrtillus | MIC/MBC assay | - | 31.5/126.0 mg/mL | [70] |
Candida albicans | Vaccinium myrtillus | Circular zone inhibition assay | 20 µL of undiluted hydroalcoholic extract (0.5 g in 10 mL) | Weak activity ca. 8 mm | [71] |
Vaccinium Species | Skin-Lightening | Anti-Aging | Anti-Oxidant | UV-Protective | Anti-Microbial | Chemo-Preventive | Anti-Inflammatory |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
V. macrocarpon | + [23] | + [40] | + [16,62,69] | + [76] | + [85] | ||
V. myrtillus | + [23,24] | + [24] | + [18] | + [52,56,59,60] | + [62,63,70] | + [77] | + [81,86] |
V. corymbosum | + [24] | + [24] | + [11] | + [64] | + [82,83,85,87] | ||
V. bracteatum | + [27] | ||||||
V. dunalianum | + [28,30] | + [43] | |||||
V. angustifolium | + [37] | + [44] | |||||
V. uliginosum | + [10] | + [10] | + [10,53,58] | + [81] | |||
V. vitis-idaea | + [38] | + [19] | + [84] | ||||
V. oxycoccos | + [40] | + [16] | |||||
V. virgatum | + [41] | ||||||
V. florinundum | + [46] | ||||||
V. axillare | + [49] | ||||||
V. aslei | + [50] | ||||||
V. oldhamii | + [65] |
+Skin | +Tyrosinase or Melanin | +Anti-Aging | +Melanoma | +UV | +Skin + Inflammation | +Antioxidant | +Antimicrobial | Total Number | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vaccinium angustifolium | 48 OP, 2 RP | 8 OP | 7 OP | 2 OP | 77 OP | 4 OP | 604 OP | 165 OP | 1981 |
Vaccinium myrtillus | 23 OP, 1 RP | 3 OP | 1 OPa | 2 OP | 30 OP | 3 OP | 233 OP | 57 OP | 665 |
Vaccinium macrocarpon | 8 OP, 2 RP | 1 OP | 2 OP | 0 OP | 22 OP | 0 OP | 261 OP | 306 OP | 1139 |
Vaccinium uliginosum | 48 OP 2 RP | 9 OP | 7 OP | 2 OP | 81 OP | 4 OP | 598 OP | 160 OP | 1996 |
Vaccinium dunalianum | 2 OP | 4 OP | 0 OP | 0 OP | 0 OP | 0 OP | 8 OP | 3 OP | 18 |
Vacciniumoxycoccos | 0 OP | 0 OP | 0 OP | 0 OP | 1 OPa | 0 OP | 8 OP | 8 OP | 37 |
Vacciniumvirgatum | 46 OP, 2 RP | 8 OP | 7 OP | 2 OP | 76 OP | 4 OP | 590 OP | 157 OP | 1935 |
Vacciniumoldhamii | 0 OP | 0 OP | 0 OP | 0 OP | 0 OP | 0 OP | 3 OP | 1 OPa | 10 |
Vacciniumvitis-idaea | 3 OP | 0 OP | 2 OP | 2 OP | 12 OP | 0 OP | 74 OP | 37 OP | 249 |
Vaccinium corymbosum | 53 OP 2 RP | 9 OP | 8 OP | 2 OP | 79 OP | 4 OP | 620 OP | 162 OP | 2052 |
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Kukula-Koch, W.; Dycha, N.; Lechwar, P.; Lasota, M.; Okoń, E.; Szczeblewski, P.; Wawruszak, A.; Tarabasz, D.; Hubert, J.; Wilkołek, P.; et al. Vaccinium Species—Unexplored Sources of Active Constituents for Cosmeceuticals. Biomolecules 2024, 14, 1110. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14091110
Kukula-Koch W, Dycha N, Lechwar P, Lasota M, Okoń E, Szczeblewski P, Wawruszak A, Tarabasz D, Hubert J, Wilkołek P, et al. Vaccinium Species—Unexplored Sources of Active Constituents for Cosmeceuticals. Biomolecules. 2024; 14(9):1110. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14091110
Chicago/Turabian StyleKukula-Koch, Wirginia, Natalia Dycha, Paulina Lechwar, Magdalena Lasota, Estera Okoń, Paweł Szczeblewski, Anna Wawruszak, Dominik Tarabasz, Jane Hubert, Piotr Wilkołek, and et al. 2024. "Vaccinium Species—Unexplored Sources of Active Constituents for Cosmeceuticals" Biomolecules 14, no. 9: 1110. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14091110