Suppression of Melatonin 2-Hydroxylase Increases Melatonin Production Leading to the Enhanced Abiotic Stress Tolerance against Cadmium, Senescence, Salt, and Tunicamycin in Rice Plants
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Generation of Transgenic Rice Plants Over- and Under-Expressing M2H
2.2. Plant Growing Conditions
2.3. Semi-Quantitative and Quantitative Real-Time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction
2.4. Malondialdehyde, Hydrogen Peroxide, and Electrolyte Leakage Assays
2.5. Measurement of 2OHM, c3OHM, and Melatonin Concentrations
2.6. Abiotic Stress Treatments
2.7. Chlorophyll Concentration Assay
2.8. Germination Test
2.9. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Diurnal M2H mRNA Level Rhythm
3.2. Rice Shoot Regeneration from Calli by Somatic Embryogenesis
3.3. Reduced 2OHM Production in M2H RNAi Transgenic Rice
3.4. Germination and Seedling Growth of M2H RNAi Rice
3.5. Melatonin Reduction in the M2H RNAi Rice
3.6. M2H RNAi Rice Produced More Melatonin upon Cadmium Treatment Resulting in Tolerance against Cadmium Stress
3.7. M2H RNAi Rice Showed Delayed Leaf Senescence
3.8. M2H RNAi Rice Exhibited Resistance to Salt and Tunicamycin Stresses
4. Discussion
4.1. Distribution of Homologs of Genes Related to Melatonin, 2OHM, and c3OHM Biosynthesis during the Evolution of Land Plants
4.2. Functions of Diurnal 2OHM Production in Plants
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Choi, G.-H.; Back, K. Suppression of Melatonin 2-Hydroxylase Increases Melatonin Production Leading to the Enhanced Abiotic Stress Tolerance against Cadmium, Senescence, Salt, and Tunicamycin in Rice Plants. Biomolecules 2019, 9, 589. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9100589
Choi G-H, Back K. Suppression of Melatonin 2-Hydroxylase Increases Melatonin Production Leading to the Enhanced Abiotic Stress Tolerance against Cadmium, Senescence, Salt, and Tunicamycin in Rice Plants. Biomolecules. 2019; 9(10):589. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9100589
Chicago/Turabian StyleChoi, Geun-Hee, and Kyoungwhan Back. 2019. "Suppression of Melatonin 2-Hydroxylase Increases Melatonin Production Leading to the Enhanced Abiotic Stress Tolerance against Cadmium, Senescence, Salt, and Tunicamycin in Rice Plants" Biomolecules 9, no. 10: 589. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9100589