Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Huberia peruviana Cogn. Methanol Extract by Inhibiting Src Activity in the NF-κB Pathway
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Hp-ME Reduces NO Production in Inflammatory Responses Mediated by TLR
2.2. Hp-ME Has an Anti-Inflammatory Effect at the mRNA Expression and Transcriptional Level
2.3. Hp-ME Disrupts Phosphorylation of Src Kinase in the Intracellular NF-κB Signaling Pathway
2.4. Ulcerative Lesions Were Alleviated by Hp-ME in an HCl/EtOH-Induced Gastritis Mouse Model
2.5. Lung Injury Was Attenuated by Hp-ME in an LPS-Induced ALI Mouse Model
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Materials and Reagents
4.2. Plant Extraction
4.3. Cell Culture
4.4. Nitric Oxide (NO) Production Assay
4.5. Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS)
4.6. Cell Viability Assay
4.7. Analysis of mRNA Expression Level Using Semiquantitative and Quantitative Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR)
4.8. Luciferase Reporter Gene Activity Assay
4.9. Preparation of Total Cell and Nuclear Lysates
4.10. Western Blotting Analysis
4.11. In Vivo HCl/EtOH-Induced Acute Gastritis Mouse Model
4.12. In Vivo LPS-Induced ALI Model
4.13. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Score per Field | ||
---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 | |
A. Neutrophils in the alveolar space | None | 1–5 | >5 |
B. Neutrophils in the interstitial space | None | 1–5 | >5 |
C. Hyaline membranes | None | 3 | >3 |
D. Alveolar septal thickening | <2X | 2X–4X | >4X |
Gene | Direction | Sequences (5′ → 3′) |
---|---|---|
iNOS | Forward Reverse | TGCCAGGGTCACAACTTTACA ACCCCAAGCAAGACTTGGAC |
COX-2 | Forward Reverse | TGAGTACCGCAACGCTTCT TGGGAGGCACTTGCATTGAT |
TNF-α | Forward Reverse | TTGACCTCAGCGCTGAGTTG CCTGTAGCCCACGTCGTAGC |
GAPDH | Forward Reverse | GAAGGTCGGTGTGAACGGAT AGTGATGGCATGGACTGTGG |
Gene | Direction | Sequences (5′ → 3′) |
---|---|---|
TNF-α | Forward Reverse | TGCCTATGTCTCAGCCTCTT GAGGCCATTTGGGAACTTCT |
GAPDH | Forward Reverse | TGTGAACGGATTTGGCCGTA ACTGTGCCGTTGAATTGCC |
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Kim, S.A.; Lee, C.Y.; Mitra, A.; Kim, H.; Woo, B.Y.; Hong, Y.D.; Noh, J.K.; Yi, D.-K.; Kim, H.G.; Cho, J.Y. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Huberia peruviana Cogn. Methanol Extract by Inhibiting Src Activity in the NF-κB Pathway. Plants 2021, 10, 2335. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10112335
Kim SA, Lee CY, Mitra A, Kim H, Woo BY, Hong YD, Noh JK, Yi D-K, Kim HG, Cho JY. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Huberia peruviana Cogn. Methanol Extract by Inhibiting Src Activity in the NF-κB Pathway. Plants. 2021; 10(11):2335. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10112335
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Seung A, Chae Young Lee, Ankita Mitra, Haeyeop Kim, Byoung Young Woo, Yong Deog Hong, Jin Kyoung Noh, Dong-Keun Yi, Han Gyung Kim, and Jae Youl Cho. 2021. "Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Huberia peruviana Cogn. Methanol Extract by Inhibiting Src Activity in the NF-κB Pathway" Plants 10, no. 11: 2335. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10112335