Double Haploid Development and Assessment of Androgenic Competence of Balkan Pepper Core Collection in Bulgaria
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Assessment of Androgenic Competence
2.2. Discrimination of Haploid and Doubled Haploid Regenerants
2.3. Identification of Resistance in Doubled Haploid Individuals by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Plant Material
4.2. Anther Culture
- 17-2–0.1 mgL−1 2,4-D
- 17-3–0.3 mgL−1 2,4-D
4.3. Flow Cytometry to Analyze Ploidy Level
4.4. DNA Extraction and PCR Analysis
4.5. CAPS Marker Resolving
4.6. Chloroplast Number Counting
4.7. Statistical Analyses
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Genotype | Cultivated Anthers | Reacted Anthers | Formed Embryos | Plant Regenerants | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | % Towards Embryos | ||
Accessions | 72,000 | 613 | 0.85 | 3201 | 4.45 | 265 | 0.37 | 8.28 |
F1 | 3740 | 149 | 3.98 | 787 | 21.04 | 38 | 1.02 | 4.83 |
BC | 1400 | 128 | 9.14 | 891 | 63.64 | 54 | 3.86 | 6.06 |
F1 | Reacted Anthers | Formed Embryos | Plant Regenerants | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No | % | No | % | No | % | % Toward Embryos | |
F1 hybrids with | |||||||
CAPS-19 | 13 | 1.76 | 109 | 14.76 | 13 | 1.76 | 11.93 |
CAPS-23 | 89 | 6.36 | 467 | 33.36 | 17 | 1.21 | 3.64 |
CAPS-30 | 37 | 6.17 | 165 | 27.50 | 5 | 0.83 | 3.03 |
CAPS-87 | 10 | 1.00 | 46 | 4.60 | 3 | 0.30 | 6.52 |
Female parent | |||||||
CAPS-19 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
CAPS-23 | 44 | 11.00 | 223 | 55.75 | 30 | 7.50 | 13.45 |
CAPS-30 | 5 | 1.25 | 38 | 9.50 | 2 | 0.50 | 5.26 |
CAPS-87 | 3 | 0.75 | 12 | 3.00 | 1 | 0.25 | 8.30 |
BC progeny with CAPS-23 | |||||||
782 | 22 | 6.17 | 143 | 27.50 | 13 | 0.83 | 9.09 |
787 | 7 | 3.50 | 35 | 17.50 | 3 | 1.50 | 8.57 |
788 | 1 | 0.50 | 1 | 0.50 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
881 | 12 | 6.00 | 51 | 25.50 | 3 | 1.50 | 5.88 |
882 | 8 | 4.00 | 51 | 25.50 | 5 | 2.50 | 9.80 |
886 | 34 | 17.00 | 242 | 121.00 | 10 | 5.00 | 4.13 |
887 | 44 | 22.00 | 368 | 184.00 | 20 | 10.00 | 5.43 |
Varietal Group | Accession Number | Description |
---|---|---|
Elongate | CAPS-5, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 65, 66, 67, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 77, 78, 71A, 109, 112, 113, 123, 124, 125, 130, 132, 137, 139, 144, 149, 153, 155, 166, 174 and 149A | Elongate fruit shape at longitudinal section and fruit length is greater than width. Most fruits are narrow at the fruit base and pointed at the blossom end. |
Round | CAPS-1, 2, 68, 110, 115, 126 and 128 | Round fruit shape at longitudinal section and fruit length is similar to width. Fruits are blunt at the blossom end. |
Conical | CAPS-3, 6, 7, 11, 12, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 31, 32, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60,61, 62,63, 64, 75, 76, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 79A, 102, 108, 111, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 129, 138, 140, 141, 142, 145, 150, 151, 152, 154, 156, 157, 158, 159, 162, 168, 171, 173, 110A, 117A, 133A, 143A and 151B | Conical fruit shape at longitudinal section and fruit length is several times bigger than the width. Most fruits are pointed at the blossom end. |
Bell or Blocky | CAPS-29, 30, 92, 93, 94, 95, 133, 134, 135, 136, 143, 146, 147, 148, 160, 161 and 121A | Rectangular or square fruit shape in longitudinal section and fruit length is almost equal to width. Most fruits have 3–5 apexes and are sunken, blunt or sunken and pointed at the blossom end. |
Pumpkin shaped | CAPS-4, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 96, 97, 98, 97A, 101, 103, 104, 105, 107, 114, 127, 131, 163, 164, 165, 169, 135A and 151A | Flattened fruit shape at longitudinal section and fruit length is smaller than width. Fruits are sunken or sunken and pointed at the blossom end. |
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Grozeva, S.; Pasev, G.; Radeva-Ivanova, V.; Todorova, V.; Ivanova, V.; Nankar, A.N. Double Haploid Development and Assessment of Androgenic Competence of Balkan Pepper Core Collection in Bulgaria. Plants 2021, 10, 2414. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10112414
Grozeva S, Pasev G, Radeva-Ivanova V, Todorova V, Ivanova V, Nankar AN. Double Haploid Development and Assessment of Androgenic Competence of Balkan Pepper Core Collection in Bulgaria. Plants. 2021; 10(11):2414. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10112414
Chicago/Turabian StyleGrozeva, Stanislava, Gancho Pasev, Vesela Radeva-Ivanova, Velichka Todorova, Valentina Ivanova, and Amol N. Nankar. 2021. "Double Haploid Development and Assessment of Androgenic Competence of Balkan Pepper Core Collection in Bulgaria" Plants 10, no. 11: 2414. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10112414