Impacts of Nicotiana glauca Graham Invasion on the Vegetation Composition and Soil: A Case Study of Taif, Western Saudi Arabia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Floristic Analysis of the Invaded Locations by N. glauca
2.2. Nicotiana glauca Shrub Measurements
2.3. Vegetation Analysis of the Invaded Locations by N. glauca
2.4. Influence of N. glauca on the Native Understory Plant Species
2.5. Vegetation–Soil Relationship
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Study Area
4.2. Studied Locations and Nicotiana glauca Shrub Measurements
4.3. Vegetation Analysis of the Invaded Locations
4.4. Soil Analysis
4.5. Data Treatments
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Location | Total Species no. | Richness (Simpson Index) | Evenness (Shannon-Evenness) | Most Dominant | Second Most Dominant | Important Species | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
WHT 1 | U | 36 | 0.96 ab | 0.94 b | Chenopodium vulvaria (8.93 *) | Aizoon canariense (8.33) | Verbesina encelioides (7.54) Salsola kali (7.38) Aristida mutabilis (6.80) Tribulus macropterus (6.19) |
O | 28 | 0.96 ab | 0.95 b | Tribulus macropterus (12.11) | Cynodon dactylon (7.00) | Cenchrus ciliaris (6.61) Aizoon canariense (5.60) Hyparrhenia hirta (4.67) Solanum incanum (4.76) | |
WHT 2 | U | 17 | 0.93 de | 0.92 c | Aerva javanica (16.80) | Nicotiana glauca (10.35) | Eragrostis papposa (9.90) Dactyloctenium aegyptium (9.00) Aristida mutabilis (8.70) |
O | 21 | 0.92 ef | 0.89 e | Aizoon canariense (18.78) | Forsskaolea tenacissima (10.85) | Aerva javanica (9.62) Lavandula pubescens (9.39) Dactyloctenium aegyptium (6.68) | |
SHFA 1 | U | 33 | 0.91 fg | 0.86 g | Cynodon dactylon (26.74) | Conyza bonariensis (7.43) | Malva parviflora (4.96) Verbena officinalis (4.96) |
O | 40 | 0.95 bc | 0.89 ef | Cynodon dactylon (17.67) | Chenopodium glaucum (7.31) | Chenopodium murale (5.34) Pulicaria arabica (5.27) Nicotiana glauca (4.22) | |
SHFA 2 | U | 26 | 0.96 a | 0.95 b | Chenopodium murale (9.18) | Poa annua (7.65) | Cynodon dactylon (7.04) Plantago major (7.10) Euryops arabicus (6.28) Pulicaria undulata (6.24) |
O | 36 | 0.97 a | 0.97 a | Cynodon dactylon (8.49) | Pulicaria undulata (5.16) | Poa annua (4.83) Pulicaria arabica (4.34) | |
SHFA 3 | U | 19 | 0.90 g | 0.87 f | Aizoon canariense (19.36) | Cynodon dactylon (18.72) | Chenopodium murale (10.65) Salsola kali (6.99) Nicotiana glauca (6.29) |
O | 20 | 0.92 ef | 0.90 d | Cynodon dactylon (19.99) | Eragrostis papposa (10.50) | Salsola kali (9.58) Echinops spinosus (7.76) Hyparrhenia hirta (7.30) | |
RDF | U | 21 | 0.94 cd | 0.92 c | Aizoon canariense (15.58) | Heliotropium curassavicum (10.38) | Cynodon dactylon (9.71) Fagonia bruguieri (8.26) Frankenia pulverulenta (7.08) |
O | 32 | 0.96 ab | 0.94 b | Aizoon canariense (8.73) | Cynodon dactylon (7.49) | Heliotropium curassavicum (7.10) Fagonia bruguieri (6.00) | |
F value 0.05 | 22.26 *** | 65.54 *** |
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Assaeed, A.M.; Alharthi, A.S.; Abd-ElGawad, A.M. Impacts of Nicotiana glauca Graham Invasion on the Vegetation Composition and Soil: A Case Study of Taif, Western Saudi Arabia. Plants 2021, 10, 2587. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10122587
Assaeed AM, Alharthi AS, Abd-ElGawad AM. Impacts of Nicotiana glauca Graham Invasion on the Vegetation Composition and Soil: A Case Study of Taif, Western Saudi Arabia. Plants. 2021; 10(12):2587. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10122587
Chicago/Turabian StyleAssaeed, Abdulaziz M., Abdullah S. Alharthi, and Ahmed M. Abd-ElGawad. 2021. "Impacts of Nicotiana glauca Graham Invasion on the Vegetation Composition and Soil: A Case Study of Taif, Western Saudi Arabia" Plants 10, no. 12: 2587. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10122587