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Volume 10
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10.3390/plants10040797
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Article

Magnesium Foliar Supplementation Increases Grain Yield of Soybean and Maize by Improving Photosynthetic Carbon Metabolism and Antioxidant Metabolism

by
Vitor Alves Rodrigues
1,†,
Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol
1,*,
João William Bossolani
1,*,†,
Luiz Gustavo Moretti
1,
José Roberto Portugal
1,
Tamara Thaís Mundt
1,
Sirlene Lopes de Oliveira
1,
Ariani Garcia
1,
Juliano Carlos Calonego
1 and
Romulo Pisa Lollato
2
1
Department of Crop Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP 18610-034, Brazil
2
Throckmorton Plant Science Center, Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University (KSU), 1712 Claflin Road, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Plants 2021, 10(4), 797; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10040797
Submission received: 18 March 2021 / Revised: 14 April 2021 / Accepted: 15 April 2021 / Published: 19 April 2021
(This article belongs to the Section Plant Nutrition)
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Abstract

(1) Background: The aim of this study was to explore whether supplementary magnesium (Mg) foliar fertilization to soybean and maize crops established in a soil without Mg limitation can improve the gas exchange and Rubisco activity, as well as improve antioxidant metabolism, converting higher plant metabolism into grain yield. (2) Methods: Here, we tested foliar Mg supplementation in soybean followed by maize. Nutritional status of plants, photosynthesis, PEPcase and Rubisco activity, sugar concentration on leaves, oxidative stress, antioxidant metabolism, and finally the crops grain yields were determined. (3) Results: Our results demonstrated that foliar Mg supplementation increased the net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance, and reduced the sub-stomatal CO2 concentration and leaf transpiration by measuring in light-saturated conditions. The improvement in photosynthesis (gas exchange and Rubisco activity) lead to an increase in the concentration of sugar in the leaves before grain filling. In addition, we also confirmed that foliar Mg fertilization can improve anti-oxidant metabolism, thereby reducing the environmental stress that plants face during their crop cycle in tropical field conditions. (4) Conclusions: Our research brings the new glimpse of foliar Mg fertilization as a strategy to increase the metabolism of crops, resulting in increased grain yields. This type of biological strategy could be encouraged for wide utilization in cropping systems.
Keywords: photosynthesis; oxidative stress; foliar application; sink-source relationship; carbohydrate partitioning photosynthesis; oxidative stress; foliar application; sink-source relationship; carbohydrate partitioning

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MDPI and ACS Style

Rodrigues, V.A.; Crusciol, C.A.C.; Bossolani, J.W.; Moretti, L.G.; Portugal, J.R.; Mundt, T.T.; de Oliveira, S.L.; Garcia, A.; Calonego, J.C.; Lollato, R.P. Magnesium Foliar Supplementation Increases Grain Yield of Soybean and Maize by Improving Photosynthetic Carbon Metabolism and Antioxidant Metabolism. Plants 2021, 10, 797. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10040797

AMA Style

Rodrigues VA, Crusciol CAC, Bossolani JW, Moretti LG, Portugal JR, Mundt TT, de Oliveira SL, Garcia A, Calonego JC, Lollato RP. Magnesium Foliar Supplementation Increases Grain Yield of Soybean and Maize by Improving Photosynthetic Carbon Metabolism and Antioxidant Metabolism. Plants. 2021; 10(4):797. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10040797

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rodrigues, Vitor Alves, Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol, João William Bossolani, Luiz Gustavo Moretti, José Roberto Portugal, Tamara Thaís Mundt, Sirlene Lopes de Oliveira, Ariani Garcia, Juliano Carlos Calonego, and Romulo Pisa Lollato. 2021. "Magnesium Foliar Supplementation Increases Grain Yield of Soybean and Maize by Improving Photosynthetic Carbon Metabolism and Antioxidant Metabolism" Plants 10, no. 4: 797. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10040797

APA Style

Rodrigues, V. A., Crusciol, C. A. C., Bossolani, J. W., Moretti, L. G., Portugal, J. R., Mundt, T. T., de Oliveira, S. L., Garcia, A., Calonego, J. C., & Lollato, R. P. (2021). Magnesium Foliar Supplementation Increases Grain Yield of Soybean and Maize by Improving Photosynthetic Carbon Metabolism and Antioxidant Metabolism. Plants, 10(4), 797. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10040797

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