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Volume 10
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10.3390/plants10050969
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Article

Citral-Containing Essential Oils as Potential Tyrosinase Inhibitors: A Bio-Guided Fractionation Approach

by
Francesca Capetti
1,†,
Massimo Tacchini
2,†,
Arianna Marengo
1,
Cecilia Cagliero
1,
Carlo Bicchi
1,
Patrizia Rubiolo
1 and
Barbara Sgorbini
1,*
1
Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, I-10125 Turin, Italy
2
Dipartimento di Scienze della vita e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to the work.
Plants 2021, 10(5), 969; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10050969
Submission received: 15 April 2021 / Revised: 2 May 2021 / Accepted: 9 May 2021 / Published: 13 May 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemical Profiling and Biological Activity of Plant Natural Compounds)
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Abstract

Excessive melanin production causes serious dermatological conditions as well as minor aesthetic problems (i.e., freckles and solar lentigo). The downregulation of tyrosinase is a widespread approach for the treatment of such disorders, and plant extracts have often proven to be valuable sources of tyrosinase inhibitors. Citral (a mixture of neral and geranial) is an important fragrance ingredient that has shown anti-tyrosinase potential. It is highly concentrated in the essential oils (EOs) of Cymbopogon schoenanthus (L.) Spreng., Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers., Melissa officinalis L., and Verbena officinalis L. However, only L. cubeba EO has been investigated for use as a potential skin-whitening agent. This work evaluates the in vitro tyrosinase inhibitory activity of these EOs and studies, using bio-assay oriented fractionation, whether their differing chemical compositions influence the overall EO inhibitory activities via possible synergistic, additive, and/or competitive interactions between EOs components. The inhibitory activity of C. schoenanthus EO and that of M. officinalis EOs, with negligible (+)-citronellal amounts, were in-line with their citral content. On the other hand, L. cubeba and V. officinalis EOs inhibited tyrosinase to considerably greater extents as they contained β-myrcene, which contributed to the overall EO activities. Similar observations were made for M. officinalis EO, which bears high (+)-citronellal content which increased citral activity.
Keywords: tyrosinase inhibition; essential oils; citral tyrosinase inhibition; essential oils; citral
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MDPI and ACS Style

Capetti, F.; Tacchini, M.; Marengo, A.; Cagliero, C.; Bicchi, C.; Rubiolo, P.; Sgorbini, B. Citral-Containing Essential Oils as Potential Tyrosinase Inhibitors: A Bio-Guided Fractionation Approach. Plants 2021, 10, 969. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10050969

AMA Style

Capetti F, Tacchini M, Marengo A, Cagliero C, Bicchi C, Rubiolo P, Sgorbini B. Citral-Containing Essential Oils as Potential Tyrosinase Inhibitors: A Bio-Guided Fractionation Approach. Plants. 2021; 10(5):969. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10050969

Chicago/Turabian Style

Capetti, Francesca, Massimo Tacchini, Arianna Marengo, Cecilia Cagliero, Carlo Bicchi, Patrizia Rubiolo, and Barbara Sgorbini. 2021. "Citral-Containing Essential Oils as Potential Tyrosinase Inhibitors: A Bio-Guided Fractionation Approach" Plants 10, no. 5: 969. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10050969

APA Style

Capetti, F., Tacchini, M., Marengo, A., Cagliero, C., Bicchi, C., Rubiolo, P., & Sgorbini, B. (2021). Citral-Containing Essential Oils as Potential Tyrosinase Inhibitors: A Bio-Guided Fractionation Approach. Plants, 10(5), 969. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10050969

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