Sulfur Deprivation Modulates Salicylic Acid Responses via Nonexpressor of Pathogenesis-Related Gene 1 in Arabidopsis thaliana
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. The Absence of Sulfur Induces SA-mediated PR1 Expression
2.2. Excess of Sulfur Inhibits SA-mediated PR1 Expression
2.3. Transient Expression of PR1 under Sulfur Deficiency
2.4. A Total Absence of Sulfur Induces PR1 Expression
2.5. SA Accumulation and Functional NPR1 Is Required for PR1 Expression Induced by Sulfur Deprivation
2.6. Disease Resistance under Deficiency and Excess of Sulfur
3. Discussion
4. Conclusions
5. Material and Methods
5.1. Plant Material
5.1.1. Growth Conditions and Nutrient Treatment for A. thaliana In Vitro Assays
5.1.2. A. thaliana In Vitro Assays: Sulfur Stress and SA-Mediated Pathways Evaluation
5.2. A. thaliana In Vivo Assays: Greenhouse Conditions and Nutrient Treatments
5.3. Histochemical GUS Assays
5.4. RNA Extraction and RT-PCR
5.5. Evaluation of Pseudomonas syringae and Botrytis cinerea Disease Resistance on Sulfur-Manipulated Diets
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Deficiency (mM) | Standard (mM) | Excess (mM) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nitrogen | -N | 0 | MS | 60 | +N | 120 |
Potassium | -K | 0 | 20 | +K | 80 | |
Sulfur | -S | 0 | 1.6 | +S | 6.4 | |
Magnesium | -Mg | 0 | 1.5 | +Mg | 6 | |
Phosphorous | -P | 0 | 1.25 | +P | 5 |
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Criollo-Arteaga, S.; Moya-Jimenez, S.; Jimenez-Meza, M.; Gonzalez-Vera, V.; Gordon-Nunez, J.; Llerena-Llerena, S.; Ramirez-Villacis, D.X.; van ‘t Hof, P.; Leon-Reyes, A. Sulfur Deprivation Modulates Salicylic Acid Responses via Nonexpressor of Pathogenesis-Related Gene 1 in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plants 2021, 10, 1065. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10061065
Criollo-Arteaga S, Moya-Jimenez S, Jimenez-Meza M, Gonzalez-Vera V, Gordon-Nunez J, Llerena-Llerena S, Ramirez-Villacis DX, van ‘t Hof P, Leon-Reyes A. Sulfur Deprivation Modulates Salicylic Acid Responses via Nonexpressor of Pathogenesis-Related Gene 1 in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plants. 2021; 10(6):1065. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10061065
Chicago/Turabian StyleCriollo-Arteaga, Steven, Sofia Moya-Jimenez, Martin Jimenez-Meza, Victor Gonzalez-Vera, Jessica Gordon-Nunez, Sol Llerena-Llerena, Dario X. Ramirez-Villacis, Pieter van ‘t Hof, and Antonio Leon-Reyes. 2021. "Sulfur Deprivation Modulates Salicylic Acid Responses via Nonexpressor of Pathogenesis-Related Gene 1 in Arabidopsis thaliana" Plants 10, no. 6: 1065. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10061065