Phytotoxic Activity of p-Cresol, 2-Phenylethanol and 3-Phenyl-1-Propanol, Phenolic Compounds Present in Cistus ladanifer L.
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Effect of Phenolic Compounds on Lactuca sativa and Allium cepa Germination
2.2. Effect of Phenolic Compounds on Lactuca sativa and Allium cepa Seedling Growth
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Selection of Seeds and Soils
4.2. Phytotoxic Activity Test
4.3. Measured Indices to Quantify the Phytotoxic Effect
4.4. Statistical Analysis
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Allium cepa | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
%TG | %S | |||||
Treatment | 1 mM | 0.5 mM | 0.1 mM | 1 mM | 0.5 mM | 0.1 mM |
Paper | ||||||
p-cresol | 70.1 * a ’ | 93.9 b ’ | 95.6 b | 47.1 * a ´ | 57.6 * b ´ | 80.7 * c ´ |
2-phenylethanol | 72.8 * a ´ | 81.6 * b ´ | 80.7 * b ´ | 47.4 * a ´ | 60.8 * b ´ | 53.5 * ab ´ |
3-phenyl-1-propanol | 59.6 * a ´ | 75.4 * b ´ | 85.1 * c ´ | 33.1 * a ´ | 46.7 * b ´ | 54.7 * c ´ |
Mixture of compounds | 12.5 * a | 46.2 * b | 98.8 c | 14.5 * a | 23.2 * b | 90.0 c |
Soil | ||||||
p-cresol | 71.9 * a | 87.6 * b ´ | 85.6 * b ´ | 55.5 * a | 81.0 * b | 69.2 * b |
2-phenylethanol | 78.7 * a | 86.3 * a ´ | 75.3 * a | 77.0 * a ´ | 80.1 * a | 80.6 * a |
3-phenyl-1-propanol | 84.9 * a ´ | 83.5 * a ´ | 82.8 * a ´ | 73.6 * a ´ | 76.5 * a | 70.0 * a |
Mixture of compounds | 73.0 * a | 78.0 * a | 76.7 * a | 64.9 * a | 79.6 * b | 76.9 * b |
Lactuca sativa | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
%TG | %S | |||||
Treatment | 1 mM | 0.5 mM | 0.1 mM | 1 mM | 0.5 mM | 0.1 mM |
Paper | ||||||
p-cresol | 92.1 * a ´ | 96.2 * a ´ | 99.7 a | 69.9 * a ´ | 76.0 * b ´ | 88.0 c ´ |
2-phenylethanol | 96.7 * a ´ | 97.2 a ´ | 101.2 a | 64.4 * a ´ | 86.0 * b ´ | 90.3 b ´ |
3-phenyl-1-propanol | 99.2 a ´ | 97.2 a ´ | 99.2 a | 80.8 * a ´ | 84.8 * a ´ | 87.9 a ´ |
Mixture of compounds | 0.0 * a | 63.9 * b | 97.9 c | 0.0 * a | 17.0 * b | 65.3 * c |
Soil | ||||||
p-cresol | 100.0 a ´ | 100.0 a ´ | 100.0 a ´ | 71.5 * a ´ | 80.9 * b ´ | 81.1 * b ´ |
2-phenylethanol | 108.8 a ´ | 100.0 a ´ | 100.0 a ´ | 68.4 * a ´ | 78.5 * b ´ | 73.9 * ab ´ |
3-phenyl-1-propanol | 100.0 a ´ | 100.0 a ´ | 100.0 a ´ | 75.7 * a ´ | 81.1 * a ´ | 82.7 * a ´ |
Mixture of compounds | 92.0 * a | 86.5 * a | 92.0 a | 38.6 * a | 44.1 * a | 59.7 * b |
Allium cepa | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
%Root Length | %Cotyledon Length | |||||
Treatment | 1 mM | 0.5 mM | 0.1 mM | 1 mM | 0.5 mM | 0.1 mM |
Paper | ||||||
p-cresol | 51.0 * a ´ | 78.3 * b ´ | 79.4 b ´ | 48.5 * a ´ | 83.0 * b ´ | 92.7 c ´ |
2-phenylethanol | 50.5 * a ´ | 66.0 * b ´ | 63.1 * b ´ | 71.9 * a ´ | 62.1 * a ´ | 65.5 * a |
3-phenyl-1-propanol | 33.0 * a ´ | 25.6 * a | 87.5 * b ´ | 31.5 * a ´ | 51.9 * b ´ | 108.0 c ´ |
Mixture of compounds | 13.5 * a | 28.0 * b | 47.9 * c | 0.0 * a | 8.5 * b | 61.7 * c |
Soil | ||||||
p-cresol | 73.1 * a ´ | 107.0 b | 107.2 b ´ | 77.7 * a | 112.4 b ´ | 113.8 b ´ |
2-phenylethanol | 108.3 a ´ | 110.9 a | 103.7 a ´ | 116.6 a ´ | 114.2 a ´ | 111.3 a ´ |
3-phenyl-1-propanol | 102.6 a ´ | 116.9 a ´ | 100.0 a ´ | 109.9 a ´ | 112.8 a ´ | 115.0 a ´ |
Mixture of compounds | 89.9 * a | 101.7 b | 92.6 ab | 80.7 * a | 83.3 * a | 82.4 * a |
Lactuca sativa | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
%Root Length | %Cotyledon Length | |||||
Treatment | 1 mM | 0.5 mM | 0.1 mM | 1 mM | 0.5 mM | 0.1 mM |
Paper | ||||||
p-cresol | 35.4 * a ´ | 81.6 * b ´ | 93.8 c ´ | 82.7 * a ´ | 84.0 * a ´ | 99.1 b ´ |
2-phenylethanol | 47.5 * a ´ | 48.2 * a ´ | 97.4 b ´ | 82.6 * a ´ | 84.0 * a ´ | 99.1 b ´ |
3-phenyl-1-propanol | 83.6 * a ´ | 95.8 b ´ | 108.2 b ´ | 88.0 * a ´ | 112.5 b ´ | 102.6 b ´ |
Mixture of compounds | 0.0 * a | 64.2 * b | 119.7 * c | 0.0 * a | 8.5 * b | 61.7 * c |
Soil | ||||||
p-cresol | 93.5 a | 105.1 b | 102.2 b | 111.1 a ´ | 111.9 a ´ | 111.7 a ´ |
2-phenylethanol | 86.6 * a | 96.5 b | 90.9 b | 115.2 a ´ | 104.3 a ´ | 112.4 a ´ |
3-phenyl-1-propanol | 95.7 a | 104.3 a | 94.5 a | 109.3 a ´ | 111.9 a ´ | 111.7 a ´ |
Mixture of compounds | 90.7 * a | 92.7 a | 101.3 a | 87.5 * a | 94.4 ab | 97.1 b |
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Tena, C.; Santiago, A.d.R.; Osuna, D.; Sosa, T. Phytotoxic Activity of p-Cresol, 2-Phenylethanol and 3-Phenyl-1-Propanol, Phenolic Compounds Present in Cistus ladanifer L. Plants 2021, 10, 1136. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10061136
Tena C, Santiago AdR, Osuna D, Sosa T. Phytotoxic Activity of p-Cresol, 2-Phenylethanol and 3-Phenyl-1-Propanol, Phenolic Compounds Present in Cistus ladanifer L. Plants. 2021; 10(6):1136. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10061136
Chicago/Turabian StyleTena, Cristina, Ana del Rosario Santiago, Dolores Osuna, and Teresa Sosa. 2021. "Phytotoxic Activity of p-Cresol, 2-Phenylethanol and 3-Phenyl-1-Propanol, Phenolic Compounds Present in Cistus ladanifer L." Plants 10, no. 6: 1136. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10061136