Antifungal Activity of the Sesquiterpene Lactones from Psephellus bellus
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Isolation and Identification of Compounds from P. bellus for Antifungal Studies
2.2. Antifungal Activity of the Guaianolides from P. bellus
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Plant Material
3.2. Antifungal Susceptibility Study
3.3. Cytotoxicity Experiments
3.4. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Pos. | 1 a | 11 a | 12 a | 13 b |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2.93 dd (6.5; 9.8) | 2.98 m | 2.98 m | 3.38 m |
2α | - | - | - | 2.51 m |
2β | 4.94 dd (6.5; 5.8) | 4.98 dd (9.3; 7.3) | 4.96 dd (9.0; 7.2) | 1.81 m |
3 | 4.41 m | 4.43 m | 4.43 m | 3.99 m |
5 | 3.01 t | 2.98 m | 2.85 m | 2.02 d (11.3) |
6 | 4.16 dd (9.0; 9.8) | 4.16 dd (10.6; 9.0) | 4.25 dd (10.1; 9.0) | 4.08 d 9.3) |
7 | 2.88 m | 2.81 m | 3.19 m | 3.08 t (9.4; 3.5; 3.2) |
8α | 2.25 m | 4.01 m | 4.01 dd (3.0; 5.3) | 5.24 m |
8β | 2.24 m | - | - | - |
9α | 2.25 m | 2.32 dd (5.4; 14.6) | 2.37 dd (5.3; 14.6) | 2.49 dd (15.2; 2.7) |
9β | 2.47 m | 2.70 dd (14.6; 5.4) | 2.70 dd (14.6; 5.3) | 2.71 dd (15.2; 5.2) |
13 | 6.25 d (3.6) | 6.29 dd (3.5; 0.8) | 6.21 d (0.8) | 6.24 d (1.6) |
13′ | 5.52 d (3.2) | 6.16 dd (3.2; 0.8) | 6.16 d (0.8) | 5.57 d (1.6) |
14 | 4.98 d (2.5) | 5.11 d (1.6) | 5.14 d (1.7) | 5.21 d (1.8) |
14′ | 4.93 d (2.1) | 5.03 d (1.6) | 4.92 d (1.7) | 5.11 d (1.8) |
15 | 5.52 d (2.1) | 5.66 dd (1.5; 0.8) | 5.66 dd (0) | 3.34 d (4.2) |
15′ | 5.44 d (1.8) | 5.47 dd (1.7; 0.8) | 5.47 m | 3.07 d (4.2) |
8-OH | 1.85 brs | 1.85 brs | ||
2′ | 2.40 m | 2.42 m | 2.48 m | - |
3′ | 1.67 m; 1.48 m | 1.63 m; 1.51 m | 1.17 d | 3.88 d |
4′ | 0.90 m | 1.15 d | 1.16 d | 1.55 s |
5′ | 1.16 q | 0.69 m | - | - |
Name of Fungal Strains | ||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Compound | Candida albicans | Candida famata | Candida glabrata | Candida parapsilosis | Rhodotorula rubra | Trichophyton rubrum | Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. interdigitale | Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. interdigitale | Microsporum canis | Scopulariopsis brevicaulis | ||||||||||
G | I | G | I | G | I | G | I | G | I | G | I | G | I | G | I | G | I | G | I | |
Acroptilin (13) | yes | no | yes | 6.25 ± 0.35 | yes | no | yes | no | yes | no | yes | 21.5 ± 0.71 | yes | 6.5 ± 0.71 | yes | 6.25 ± 0.35 | yes | no | yes | no |
Cebellin A (11) | yes | no | X | X | yes | 18.5 ± 0.71 | X | X | yes | 11.75 ± 0.35 | no | no | yes | 15.5 ± 0.71 | no | no | yes | no | yes | 10.5 ± 0.71 |
Cebellin B (12) | yes | no | 10.5 ± 0.71 | yes | 12.5 ± 0.71 | yes | 8.25 ± 0.35 | yes | no | yes | 12.25 ± 0.35 | yes | 10.25 ± 0.35 | yes | 12.25 ± 0.35 | yes | no | yes | 8.5 ± 0.71 | |
Cebellin L (1) | yes | no | yes | 15.5 ± 0.71 | yes | 14.25 ± 0.35 | yes | 26.5 ± 0.71 | yes | no | yes | 12.5 ± 0.71 | yes | 20.5 ± 0.71 | yes | 18.5 ± 0.71 | yes | no | yes | 10.5 ± 0.71 |
Cebellin K + N + O (2-4) | yes | 12.25 ± 0.35 | X | X | yes | 19.75 ± 0.35 | X | X | yes | 21.5 ± 0.71 | no | no | yes | 24.25 ± 0.35 | no | no | yes | 20.25 ± 0.35 | yes | 9.25 ± 0.35 |
Full extract of P. bellus | yes | no | yes | 12 | yes | 12.5 ± 0.71 | yes | 4 ± 1.41 | no | yes | 24.5 ± 0.71 | yes | 18.5 ± 0.71 | yes | 33.5 ± 0.71 | yes | no | yes | no |
Compound | Candida famata | Candida glabrata | Candida parapsilosis | Rhodotorula rubra | Trichophyton rubrum | Trichophyton mentagrophytes var interdigitale | Scopulariopsis brevicaulis | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
p-Value | ||||||||
Acroptilin (13) | Cebellin A (11) | - | - | - | - | - | 0.0061 * | - |
Cebellin B (12) | 0.0169 * | - | - | - | 0.0036 * | 0.0216 * | - | |
Cebellin L (1) | 0.0036 * | - | - | - | 0.0062 * | 0.0026 * | - | |
Cebellin K + N + O (2–4) | - | - | - | - | - | 0.001 * | - | |
Full extract of P. bellus | - | - | - | - | 0.0517 | 0.0035 * | - | |
Cebellin A (11) | Cebellin B (12) | - | 0.0137 * | - | - | - | 0.0112 * | 0.1063 |
Cebellin L (1) | - | 0.0169 * | - | - | - | 0.0196 * | 1 | |
Cebellin K + N + O (2–4) | - | 0.1552 | - | 0.0033 * | - | 0.0041 * | 0.1552 | |
Full extract of P. bellus | - | 0.0137 * | - | - | - | 0.0517 | - | |
Cebellin B (12) | Cebellin L (1) | 0.0196 * | 0.0889 | 0.0009 * | - | 0.6988 | 0.003 * | 0.1063 |
Cebellin K + N + O (2–4) | - | 0.0059 * | - | - | - | 0.0016 * | 0.3122 | |
Full extract of P. bellus | - | 1 | 0.0531 | - | 0.0021 * | 0.0046 * | - | |
Cebellin L (1) | Cebellin K + N + O (2–4) | - | 0.004 * | - | - | - | 0.0216 * | 0.1552 |
Full extract of P. bellus | - | 0.0889 | 0.002 * | - | 0.0035 * | 0.1063 | - | |
Cebellin K + N + O (2–4) | Full extract of P. bellus | - | 0.0059 * | - | - | - | 0.0093 * | - |
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Nawrot, J.; Adamski, Z.; Kamińska-Kolat, B.; Kubisiak-Rzepczyk, H.; Kroma, A.; Nowak, G.; Gornowicz-Porowska, J. Antifungal Activity of the Sesquiterpene Lactones from Psephellus bellus. Plants 2021, 10, 1180. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10061180
Nawrot J, Adamski Z, Kamińska-Kolat B, Kubisiak-Rzepczyk H, Kroma A, Nowak G, Gornowicz-Porowska J. Antifungal Activity of the Sesquiterpene Lactones from Psephellus bellus. Plants. 2021; 10(6):1180. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10061180
Chicago/Turabian StyleNawrot, Joanna, Zygmunt Adamski, Beata Kamińska-Kolat, Honorata Kubisiak-Rzepczyk, Anna Kroma, Gerard Nowak, and Justyna Gornowicz-Porowska. 2021. "Antifungal Activity of the Sesquiterpene Lactones from Psephellus bellus" Plants 10, no. 6: 1180. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10061180