Glucosinolate Induction and Resistance to the Cabbage Moth, Mamestra brassicae, Differs among Kale Genotypes with High and Low Content of Sinigrin and Glucobrassicin
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Glucosinolate Content in Kale Genotypes
2.2. Glucosinolate Induction over Time after Phytohormone and Herbivory Treatments
2.2.1. Control Plants
2.2.2. Plants Treated with JA
2.2.3. Plants Treated with SA
2.2.4. Control Plants with Larval Herbivory (CL Treatment)
2.2.5. Plants Treated with JA and Larval Herbivory (JAL Treatment)
2.2.6. Plants Treated with SA and Larval Herbivory (SAL Treatment)
2.3. Differences in Glucosinolate Induction among Treatments and Kale Genotypes: Effect of Phytohormone and Herbivory Treatments
2.3.1. One Day after the Application of Phytohormones
2.3.2. Three Days after the Application of Phytohormones
2.3.3. Nine Days after the Application of Phytohormones
2.4. Differences in Glucosinolate Induction among Treatments and Kale Genotypes: Glucosinolate Differences among Genotypes
2.4.1. One Day after the Application of Phytohormones
2.4.2. Three Days after the Application of Phytohormones
2.4.3. Nine Days after the Application of Phytohormones
2.5. Differences in Glucosinolate Induction among Treatments and Kale Genotypes: Percent Glucosinolate Variation among Genotypes
2.5.1. One Day after the Application of Phytohormones
2.5.2. Three Days after the Application of Phytohormones
2.5.3. Nine Days after the Application of Phytohormones
2.6. Correlation between Induced Aliphatic and Indolic Glucosinolates
2.7. Herbivory and Larval Weight Gain Experiments
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Plants and Insects Used in the Experiments
4.2. Application of Phytohormones on Plants
4.3. Interaction between Phytohormone and Herbivore Induction
4.4. Analysis of Glucosinolates in Plants
4.5. Herbivory and Larval Weight Gain Experiments
4.6. Statistical Analyses
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Days after Treat. | Tr. | Genotype | GIB | SIN | GBS | NEO | AL | IN | TO |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | JA | HGBS | 69.3 ± 30.7 a | 43.4 ± 17.5 a | 195.7 ± 41.1 a | 2198.0 ± 492.8 a | 51.1 ± 17.7 a | 292.3 ± 46.4 a | 142.0 ± 21.7 a |
LGBS | 60.8 ± 26.2 a | 48.5 ± 29.8 a | 320.9 ± 70.0 a | 655.2 ± 139.4 b | 50.8 ± 27.4 a | 335.7 ± 64.5 a | 132.7 ± 29.5 a | ||
HSIN | 24.2 ± 18.6 a | −29.1 ± 10.1 a | 171.8 ± 30.7 a | 1584.8 ± 260.9 a | −17.2 ± 10.7 b | 216.6 ± 29.5 ab | 52.1 ± 13.3 b | ||
LSIN | −46.4 ± 6.9 b | 37.4 ± 58.4 a | 147.6 ± 36.6 a | 230.6 ± 87.7 b | −12.6 ± 24.8 b | 151.9 ± 32.1 b | 65.0 ± 24.1 b | ||
SA | HGBS | 97.2 ± 25.1 a | 38.5 ± 17.8 a | 29.3 ± 21.1 a | 94.5 ± 46.1 ab | 58.9 ± 11.3 a | 37.7 ± 19.0 ab | 51.3 ± 8.6 a | |
LGBS | 82.6 ± 21.7 a | 77.1 ± 33.7 a | 47.5 ± 20.3 a | 171.8 ± 51.5 b | 78.2 ± 23.6 a | 51.6 ± 19.5 a | 70.9 ± 19.7 a | ||
HSIN | 10.0 ± 12.2 b | 13.3 ± 16.7 a | −6.5 ± 11.8 a | 5.7 ± 25.5 a | 11.0 ± 12.1 b | −5.0 ± 34.4 b | 6.2 ± 10.6 b | ||
LSIN | −18.4 ± 13.5 b | 38.5 ± 28.3 a | 5.5 ± 12.2 a | −9.7 ± 34.7 a | −0.7 ± 16.8 b | −0.3 ± 10.6 b | −0.5 ± 12.1 b | ||
3 | JA | HGBS | −32.3 ± 11.7 a | −43.7 ± 10.1 a | 355.3 ± 40.1 a | 2837.5 ± 777.7 a | −40.4 ± 9.8 a | 514.4 ± 54.0 ac | 176.2 ± 21.9 a |
LGBS | −26.6 ± 14.2 a | −19.1 ± 15.3 a | 300.4 ± 50.5 a | 498.6 ± 222.2 b | −20.1 ± 13.1 a | 313.6 ± 49.4 b | 79.7 ± 19.1 b | ||
HSIN | −42.8 ± 8.9 a | −49.7 ± 8.1 a | 274.2 ± 55.4 a | 1363.6 ± 292.9 ab | −48.6 ± 7.0 a | 357.1 ± 46.6 ab | 93.6 ± 18.2 b | ||
LSIN | −13.6 ± 14.6 a | −49.1 ± 13.6 a | 376.1 ± 71.3 a | 2145.0 ± 625.1 a | −27.9 ± 10.5 a | 558.1 ± 75.1 c | 269.9 ± 37.0 c | ||
JAL | HGBS | −3.1 ± 15.7 a | −54.2 ± 14.5 a | 568.9 ± 86.5 a | 3655.5 ± 709.6 a | −39.2 ± 14.6 a | 763.2 ± 113.1 a | 273.8 ± 50.0 a | |
LGBS | −4.0 ± 18.3 a | −27.1 ± 18.7 a | 545.6 ± 132.7 a | 1039.6 ± 257.5 a | −18.0 ± 8.8 a | 570.8 ± 124.4 a | 158.1 ± 33.2 b | ||
HSIN | −37.3 ± 19.1 a | −37.1 ± 13.4 a | 118.2 ± 62.5 b | 2051.9 ± 669.5 a | −38.8 ± 9.0 a | 265.3 ± 27.9 b | 67.7 ± 8.4 c | ||
LSIN | −12.7 ± 24.0 a | −44.4 ± 13.1 a | 201.3 ± 74.2 b | 3106.3 ± 933.5 a | −13.7 ± 16.7 a | 492.8 ± 71.3 ab | 243.8 ± 32.1 ab | ||
SA | HGBS | −10.7 ± 12.4 a | 16.8 ± 15.3 a | 71.4 ± 26.5 a | 64.0 ± 45.9 a | 26.1 ± 27.4 a | 83.9 ± 27.7 a | 82.3 ± 56.1 a | |
LGBS | 10.9 ± 17.2 a | 16.3 ± 14.7 a | 55.2 ± 17.0 a | 10.4 ± 19.6 a | 15.2 ± 11.4 a | 60.1 ± 15.8 a | 28.6 ± 10.0 a | ||
HSIN | 24.0 ± 14.3 a | 10.5 ± 10.3 a | 27.1 ± 10.3 a | −3.8 ± 30.4 a | 12.5 ± 7.0 a | 29.0 ± 11.3 a | 18.2 ± 7.2 a | ||
LSIN | −8.9 ± 20.7 a | 8.5 ± 15.8 a | 50.4 ± 35.1 a | 49.1 ± 36.7 a | 2.1 ± 15.2 a | 52.9 ± 35.9 a | 28.7 ± 23.3 a | ||
SAL | HGBS | −3.9 ± 17.5 a | 7.0 ± 12.2 a | 129.1 ± 38.0 a | 458.4 ± 75.9 a | 3.8 ± 11.1 a | 150.7 ± 36.1 a | 60.9 ± 16.9 a | |
LGBS | 34.2 ± 10.4 a | 33.2 ± 26.2 a | 276.3 ± 76.6 a | 662.8 ± 168.0 a | 33.6 ± 17.0 a | 300.2 ± 72.8 a | 113.3 ± 31.5 a | ||
HSIN | 22.0 ± 14.9 a | −16.2 ± 20.1 a | 90.3 ± 26.0 a | 1397.6 ± 642.7 a | −8.6 ± 16.2 a | 190.9 ± 64.9 a | 61.3 ± 14.9 a | ||
LSIN | 2.7 ± 15.1 a | −14.9 ± 32.8 a | 173.1 ± 84.3 a | 1314.8 ± 718.6 a | −5.4 ± 17.3 a | 286.9 ± 50.6 a | 143.8 ± 26.1 a | ||
CL | HGBS | −9.7 ± 7.5 a | −53.8 ± 6.2 a | −11.6 ± 15.3 a | 558.6 ± 164.9 a | −40.9 ± 3.8 a | 25.9 ± 22.3 a | −12.9 ± 9.0 a | |
LGBS | 24.6 ± 6.6 a | −16.2 ± 10.2 a | 130.0 ± 27.0 b | 467.1 ± 73.6 a | −18.3 ± 7.0 a | 151.3 ± 27.6 b | 32.4 ± 7.9 b | ||
HSIN | −47.8 ± 14.5 a | −42.2 ± 17.9 a | 113.4 ± 23.4 b | 439.3 ± 224.6 a | −44.4 ± 16.0 a | 137.3 ± 34.7 ab | 20.6 ± 12.3 ab | ||
LSIN | −23.8 ± 13.5 a | −35.7 ± 10.9 a | 268.7 ± 69.1 c | 740.9 ± 216.6 a | −28.9 ± 6.6 a | 314.6 ± 71.6 c | 146.1 ± 39.2 c | ||
9 | JA | HGBS | 55.1 ± 34.2 a | −28.9 ± 21.1 a | 21.5 ± 13.8 a | 177.1 ± 51.3 a | −7.0 ± 14.4 a | 39.6 ± 12.2 a | 21.2 ± 11.9 a |
LGBS | 63.9 ± 45.7 a | −6.7 ± 19.6 a | 42.6 ± 30.9 a | 746.9 ± 256.8 b | 14.2 ± 20.0 a | 65.7 ± 25.5 a | 34.7 ± 18.8 ab | ||
HSIN | 25.1 ± 14.9 a | 45.4 ± 16.7 a | 94.8 ± 23.0 a | 252.1 ± 103.1 a | 37.1 ± 11.1 a | 118.5 ± 20.9 a | 71.4 ± 15.0 bc | ||
LSIN | 28.0 ± 35.2 a | 10.8 ± 32.9 a | 142.8 ± 44.8 a | 116.4 ± 38.4 a | 22.2 ± 29.7 a | 138.8 ± 41.3 a | 86.7 ± 19.7 c | ||
JAL | HGBS | −42.8 ± 30.5 a | −61.7 ± 9.7 a | 122.3 ± 15.3 a | 226.7 ± 36.0 a | −57.1 ± 14.1 a | 132.9 ± 12.2 a | 57.7 ± 12.5 a | |
LGBS | −61.0 ± 11.0 a | −69.4 ± 10.4 a | 211.9 ± 42.7 a | 1122.6 ± 394.2 b | −66.9 ± 10.3 a | 236.7 ± 39.0 a | 54.0 ± 13.4 a | ||
HSIN | −36.8 ± 21.7 a | −73.5 ± 10.6 a | 130.2 ± 47.4 a | 179.1 ± 54.1 a | −63.9 ± 7.9 a | 132.7 ± 40.0 a | 21.4 ± 38.0 a | ||
LSIN | −79.1 ± 4.0 a | −44.3 ± 38.7 a | 207.8 ± 68.4 a | 316.0 ± 130.4 a | −62.3 ± 20.0 a | 221.2 ± 76.8 a | 94.5 ± 51.2 a | ||
SA | HGBS | −17.6 ± 17.0 a | −32.6 ± 6.5 ac | −17.8 ± 15.6 a | 40.7 ± 33.2 a | −29.0 ± 7.5 a | −8.9 ± 9.7 a | −16.9 ± 6.3 a | |
LGBS | −6.2 ± 19.6 a | −14.7 ± 5.3 ab | −12.7 ± 30.1 a | 128.8 ± 48.3 a | −9.1 ± 3.8 a | −4.3 ± 28.0 a | −7.2 ± 13.1 a | ||
HSIN | −31.2 ± 12.8 a | 1.7 ± 10.0 b | 21.2 ± 17.9 a | −8.1 ± 23.5 a | −8.3 ± 10.0 a | 17.2 ± 17.0 a | 2.4 ± 9.7 a | ||
LSIN | −13.2 ± 16.9 a | −45.7 ± 12.6 c | 9.4 ± 17.7 a | 189.6 ± 110.3 a | −28.9 ± 6.0 a | 38.4 ± 13.8 a | 8.3 ± 9.0 a | ||
SAL | HGBS | −34.6 ± 14.5 ab | −64.5 ± 11.7 a | 13.6 ± 11.5 a | 68.6 ± 42.5 a | −59.2 ± 10.4 ac | 19.4 ± 10.9 a | −10.9 ± 10.2 a | |
LGBS | −12.5 ± 11.8 a | −35.7 ± 11.2 bc | 121.8 ± 44.2 a | 685.7 ± 162.8 b | −28.5 ± 9.1 b | 138.2 ± 47.0 b | 37.9 ± 23.5 a | ||
HSIN | −57.4 ± 13.9 b | −40.6 ± 4.9 ab | 124.7 ± 24.3 a | 124.3 ± 62.2 a | −42.9 ± 6.3 ab | 123.9 ± 21.7 b | 27.4 ± 11.8 a | ||
LSIN | −68.8 ± 7.9 b | −75.4 ± 6.0 c | 91.1 ± 28.6 a | 193.3 ± 93.5 a | −71.4 ± 3.0 c | 10.6 ± 27.3 ab | 26.8 ± 16.0 a | ||
CL | HGBS | −70.1 ± 7.3 a | −80.7 ± 1.0 a | 24.3 ± 14.3 a | 71.5 ± 46.4 a | −63.6 ± 2.2 a | 30.2 ± 14.4 a | −6.9 ± 7.9 a | |
LGBS | −40.4 ± 11.1 a | −83.3 ± 3.3 a | 117.6 ± 42.6 a | 1697.2 ± 577.7 b | −59.8 ± 5.7 a | 170.0 ± 50.0 a | 31.7 ± 20.9 a | ||
HSIN | −59.2 ± 8.0 a | −78.2 ± 3.2 a | 97.5 ± 33.0 a | 437.9 ± 103.4 a | −52.3 ± 7.0 a | 138.7 ± 37.2 a | 28.2 ± 14.5 a | ||
LSIN | −1.0 ± 20.4 b | −67.8 ± 17.1 a | 2.6 ± 53.8 a | 370.9 ± 206.5 a | −7.8 ± 29.0 b | 63.3 ± 48.1 a | 31.5 ± 35.7 a |
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Badenes-Pérez, F.R.; Cartea, M.E. Glucosinolate Induction and Resistance to the Cabbage Moth, Mamestra brassicae, Differs among Kale Genotypes with High and Low Content of Sinigrin and Glucobrassicin. Plants 2021, 10, 1951. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10091951
Badenes-Pérez FR, Cartea ME. Glucosinolate Induction and Resistance to the Cabbage Moth, Mamestra brassicae, Differs among Kale Genotypes with High and Low Content of Sinigrin and Glucobrassicin. Plants. 2021; 10(9):1951. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10091951
Chicago/Turabian StyleBadenes-Pérez, Francisco Rubén, and María Elena Cartea. 2021. "Glucosinolate Induction and Resistance to the Cabbage Moth, Mamestra brassicae, Differs among Kale Genotypes with High and Low Content of Sinigrin and Glucobrassicin" Plants 10, no. 9: 1951. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10091951