Effect of Salt Stress and Foliar Application of Salicylic Acid on Morphological, Biochemical, Anatomical, and Productivity Characteristics of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) Plants
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Design
- Control; plants were irrigated with tap water.
- 1000 ppm NaCl + 1000 ppm CaCl2 (2000 ppm salinity).
- 2000 ppm NaCl + 2000 ppm CaCl2 (4000 ppm salinity).
- 3000 ppm NaCl + 3000 ppm CaCl2 (6000 ppm salinity).
- 4000 ppm NaCl + 4000 ppm CaCl2 (8000 ppm salinity).
- 2000 ppm salinity + 100 ppm SA.
- 4000 ppm salinity + 100 ppm SA.
- 6000 ppm salinity + 100 ppm SA.
- 8000 ppm salinity + 100 ppm SA.
2.2. Measurement of Vegetative Growth Characters
2.3. Yield and Its Components Measurement
- Average no. of pods/plant;
- Average no. of seeds/pod;
- Weight of 100 seeds (g);
- Weight of pods (g)/plant.
2.4. Determination of Photosynthetic Pigments
2.5. Estimation of Free Proline Content
2.6. Determination of N, P, and K Content
2.7. Anatomical Studies
- Thickness of cortex (µm.);
- Thickness of fiber strands (µm.);
- Thickness of phloem tissue (µm.);
- Thickness of xylem tissue (µm.);
- Mean diameter of vessel (µm.);
- Diameter of the pith (µm.).
- Midvein thickness (µm.);
- Lamina thickness (µm.);
- Palisade tissue thickness (µm.);
- Spongy tissue thickness (µm.);
- Length of midvein bundle (µm.);
- Width midvein bundle (µm.);
- No. of xylem rows/midvein bundle;
- Vessel diameter (µm.).
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Vegetative Growth Characters
3.2. Physiological Aspects
3.2.1. Photosynthetic Pigments
3.2.2. Proline Content
3.2.3. N, P, and K Concentrations
3.3. Yield and Its Components
3.4. Anatomical Studies
3.4.1. Stem Anatomy
3.4.2. Leaf Anatomy
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Treatments | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Histological Characters | Control | 6000 ppm Salinity | ±Percentage to Control | 6000 ppm Salinity + 100 ppm SA | ±Percentage to Control | ±Percentage to 6000 ppm Salinity |
Thickness of cortex | 5820.6 | 4723.8 | −18.8 | 5104.4 | −12.3 | +8.0 |
Thickness of fiber strands | 5820.6 | 267.7 | −23.5 | 302.8 | −13.5 | +13.1 |
Thickness of phloem tissue | 41.8 | 53.1 | −27.0 | 81.1 | +94.0 | +52.7 |
Thickness of xylem tissue | 217.2 | 175.0 | −19.4 | 193.8 | −10.7 | +10.7 |
Mean diameter of vessel | 700.1 | 353.1 | −49.5 | 436.7 | −37.6 | +23.6 |
Diameter of the pith | 66.1 | 26.3 | −60.2 | 42.5 | −35.7 | +61.5 |
Treatments | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Histological Characters | Control | 6000 ppm Salinity | ±Percentage to Control | 6000 ppm Salinity + 100 ppm SA | ±Percentage to Control | ±Percentage to 6000 ppm Salinity |
Midvein thickness | 1315.2 | 945.8 | −28.0 | 1030.8 | −21.6 | +8.98 |
Lamina thickness | 306.2 | 500.0 | +66.8 | 439.9 | +43.6 | −12.02 |
Palisade tissue thickness | 203.7 | 302.2 | +30.1 | 260.8 | +28.0 | −13.6 |
Spongy tissue thickness | 102.1 | 198.8 | +94.7 | 121.4 | +18.9 | −38.9 |
Length of midvein bundle | 640.5 | 530.5 | −17.7 | 569.7 | −11.0 | +7.3 |
Width midvein bundle | 481.1 | 400.9 | −16.6 | 430.4 | −10.53 | +7.3 |
No. of xylem rows/midvein bundle | 5.9 | 4.2 | −28.8 | 4.8 | −18.6 | +14.2 |
Vessel diameter | 29.9 | 25.5 | −14.7 | 27.3 | −8.6 | +7.0 |
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El-Taher, A.M.; Abd El-Raouf, H.S.; Osman, N.A.; Azoz, S.N.; Omar, M.A.; Elkelish, A.; Abd El-Hady, M.A.M. Effect of Salt Stress and Foliar Application of Salicylic Acid on Morphological, Biochemical, Anatomical, and Productivity Characteristics of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) Plants. Plants 2022, 11, 115. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11010115
El-Taher AM, Abd El-Raouf HS, Osman NA, Azoz SN, Omar MA, Elkelish A, Abd El-Hady MAM. Effect of Salt Stress and Foliar Application of Salicylic Acid on Morphological, Biochemical, Anatomical, and Productivity Characteristics of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) Plants. Plants. 2022; 11(1):115. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11010115
Chicago/Turabian StyleEl-Taher, Ahmed M., Hany S. Abd El-Raouf, Nahid A. Osman, Samah N. Azoz, Magdy A. Omar, Amr Elkelish, and Mahmoud A. M. Abd El-Hady. 2022. "Effect of Salt Stress and Foliar Application of Salicylic Acid on Morphological, Biochemical, Anatomical, and Productivity Characteristics of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) Plants" Plants 11, no. 1: 115. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11010115