Effect of Urea Coated with Polyaspartic Acid on the Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor, (L.) Moench.)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Sorghum Grain Yield
2.2. Leaf Area Duration, Crop Growth Rate, and Dry Matter Accumulation
2.3. Topsoil Mineral Nitrogen Content
2.4. N Content
2.5. Nitrogen Use Efficiency
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Field Experimental Design
4.2. Meteorological Data and Growth Stages
4.3. Agronomic Traits
4.4. Sorghum Grain Yield
4.5. Soil Mineral Nitrogen Content
4.6. Stover and Grain N Content
4.7. Statistical Analyses
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Year | N Rate | Treaments | Growth Stages | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5-Leaf–Flowering | Flowering–Physiological Maturity | |||||||
LAD ‡ | CGR | DMA | LAD | CGR | DMA | |||
kg ha−1 | m2 d−1 | kg ha−1 d−1 | kg ha−1 | m2 d−1 | kg ha−1 d−1 | kg ha−1 | ||
2020 | 0 | CN | 53.8 b † | 10.6 b | 2750.9 c | 178.5 c | 5.8 d | 5545.1 d |
PN | 50.9 b | 10.3 b | 2666.0 c | 184.2 b | 6.1 d | 5850.6 d | ||
60 | CN | 65.8 a | 15.2 a | 3948.2 b | 177.1 c | 6.8 c | 6483.3 cd | |
PN | 63.1 a | 14.1 a | 3674.3 b | 187.9 b | 7.3 b | 7052.7 c | ||
120 | CN | 63.0 a | 16.5 a | 4281.0 a | 199.6 b | 7.5 b | 7182.7 c | |
PN | 64.6 a | 15.9 a | 4145.8 a | 214.3 a | 7.9 ab | 7622.1 b | ||
240 | CN | 64.8 a | 17.4 a | 4524.5 a | 208.2 a | 8.5 a | 8160.6 a | |
PN | 64.6 a | 16.6 a | 4309.2 a | 219.3 a | 8.6 a | 8234.6 a | ||
2021 | 0 | CN | 54.1 b | 7.8 c | 3127.4 d | 149.2 d | 5.4 c | 5103.6 d |
PN | 52.0 b | 9.3 c | 3724.7 d | 156.8 d | 5.4 c | 5054.8 d | ||
60 | CN | 69.1 a | 11.5 b | 4587.2 c | 172.7 c | 6.9 bc | 6491.0 c | |
PN | 68.3 a | 11.2 b | 4477.2 c | 183.2 b | 7.2 b | 6808.3 b | ||
120 | CN | 73.9 a | 14.2 ab | 5694.9 b | 194.5 b | 7.4 ab | 6946.8 b | |
PN | 68.4 a | 13.4 b | 5346.4 b | 198.5 a | 7.8 a | 7326.4 a | ||
240 | CN | 74.3 a | 15.3 a | 6136.9 a | 200.6 a | 7.8 a | 7288.1 a | |
PN | 74.0 a | 15.1 a | 6058.1 a | 206.3 a | 8.0 a | 7555.7 a | ||
ANOVA | ||||||||
Year | ** | * | *** | * | * | ** | ||
N rate | * | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | ||
Treatments | Ns § | ns | ns | * | ** | ** |
Year | N Rate | Treatments | NUT ‡ | NAE | NUtE | NUpE |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
kg ha−1 | kg ha−1 | kg kg−1 | kg kg−1 | % | ||
2020 | 0 | CN | 115.9 d † | |||
PN | 116.9 d | |||||
60 | CN | 147.5 c | 34.3 a | 66.8 a | 52.6 b | |
PN | 153.2 c | 38.3 a | 63.2 a | 60.7 a | ||
120 | CN | 163.9 b | 22.7 b | 57.3 ab | 40.0 c | |
PN | 182.4 a | 28.5 a | 53.9 b | 54.6 a | ||
240 | CN | 189.1 a | 14.7 c | 53.1 b | 30.5 d | |
PN | 202.1 a | 16.2 c | 49.4 c | 35.5 d | ||
2021 | 0 | CN | 114.0 d | |||
PN | 110.9 d | |||||
60 | CN | 140.1 c | 21.1 a | 50.2 a | 43.4 b | |
PN | 151.2 c | 28.4 a | 46.8 a | 67.1 a | ||
120 | CN | 167.9 b | 14.7 b | 32.8 b | 44.9 b | |
PN | 189.0 a | 19.2 ab | 32.3 b | 59.3 a | ||
240 | CN | 181.2 a | 8.6 c | 30.3 b | 28.0 d | |
PN | 200.4 a | 10.7 c | 28.7 b | 37.3 c | ||
ANOVA | ||||||
Year | ns § | * | *** | ns | ||
N rate | *** | *** | ** | *** | ||
Treatments | ** | *** | ns | ** |
Year | Soil Layers | pH | Bulk Density | Organic Matter | Total N | Nitrate N | Ammonium N | Available P | Available K |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
cm | g cm−3 | g kg−1 | g kg−1 | mg kg−1 | mg kg−1 | mg kg−1 | mg kg−1 | ||
2020 | 0–20 | 7.9 | 1.3 | 12.6 | 1.20 | 4.2 | 1.6 | 15.9 | 114.2 |
20–40 | 8.1 | 1.58 | 10.8 | 0.85 | 2.7 | 0.71 | 14.3 | 107.2 | |
40–60 | 8.1 | 1.64 | 4.2 | 0.42 | 1.6 | 0.62 | 12.5 | 99.1 | |
2021 | 0–20 | 7.8 | 1.29 | 11.8 | 1.10 | 4.1 | 1.8 | 15.6 | 112.3 |
20–40 | 8.1 | 1.56 | 9.8 | 0.67 | 2.5 | 0.8 | 14.1 | 96.5 | |
40–60 | 8.1 | 1.64 | 4.6 | 0.51 | 1.8 | 0.6 | 11.8 | 87.8 |
Growth Stages | Experimental Year (Days after Sowing, d) | |
---|---|---|
2020 | 2021 | |
Sowing | 23-Jun (0) | 24-Jun (0) |
Seedling | 30-Jun (7) | 28-Jun (5) |
Five-Leaf | 25-Jul (32) | 23-Jul (29) |
Flowering | 22-Aug (60) | 24-Aug (61) |
Soft Dough | 15-Sep (84) | 23-Sep (91) |
Physiological Maturity | 10-Oct (109) | 15-Oct (113) |
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Yan, P.; Fang, M.; Lu, L.; Ren, L.; Dong, X.; Dong, Z. Effect of Urea Coated with Polyaspartic Acid on the Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor, (L.) Moench.). Plants 2022, 11, 1724. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11131724
Yan P, Fang M, Lu L, Ren L, Dong X, Dong Z. Effect of Urea Coated with Polyaspartic Acid on the Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor, (L.) Moench.). Plants. 2022; 11(13):1724. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11131724
Chicago/Turabian StyleYan, Peng, Mengying Fang, Lin Lu, Liang Ren, Xuerui Dong, and Zhiqiang Dong. 2022. "Effect of Urea Coated with Polyaspartic Acid on the Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor, (L.) Moench.)" Plants 11, no. 13: 1724. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11131724